Connection patterns and recordings provided evidence for several additional fields in the lateral sulcus, including a retroinsular area (Ri), a parietal rostral area (PR), and a ventral somatosensory area (VS). 
Insular connections between the second somatosensory area and retroinsular area of the parietal lobe have been documented.
On the basis of cytoarchitectural criteria, the labeled regions include the second somatosensory area (SII), retroinsular area (Ri) and granular insula (Ig).
Three polysensory vestibular areas were found to have a substantial projection to the vestibular nuclei: area 2v located at the tip of the intraparietal sulcus, the parietoinsular vestibular cortex (PIVC) covering the most occipital part of the granular insula (Ig) and the retroinsular area (Ri or reipt), and the dorsolateral part of the somatosensory area 3a ("area 3aV" neck/trunk region).
Area 7b is reciprocally and precisely connected with area 5, the second somatic sensory area (SII), the retroinsular area, the granular insular area (Ig), area 23 of the cingulate cortex and with the cortex in the walls of the superior temporal sulcus.
Area 7b is reciprocally and precisely connected with area 5, the second somatic sensory area (SII), area 23 of the cingulate cortex, the retroinsular area (Ri), the granular insular area (Ig), and with the cortex in the walls of the superior temporal sulcus..
The results show that the second somatosensory area (S2) is reciprocally connected with the retroinsular area (Ri), area 7b, and the granular (Ig) and dysgranular (Id) insular fields.
Two distinct patterns of terminal labeling were seen after injections of [ 3H]amino acids into the second somatosensory area (S2) and the retroinsular area (Ri).
The nearby retroinsular area and area 7b receive a projection from area 5.
There is clinical and electrophysiological evidence to suggest that the retroinsular area may form part of a central pain pathway.
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