Through whole-cell patch recordings in brainstem slices, the effects of histamine on neuronal activity of the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) were investigated. 
The three cadherins are expressed differentially in parasagittal stripes in the cerebellar cortex, in the portions of the deep cerebellar nuclei, in the divisions of the inferior olivary nucleus, and in the lateral vestibular nucleus.
Histological analysis showed that most of the PC nerve-activated vestibulospinal neurons were located within a specific area in the medial part of the lateral vestibular nucleus and the rostral part of the descending vestibular nucleus.
Preliminary (three months) lesioning of the contralateral nucleus interpositus of the cerebellum or the lateral vestibular nucleus of Deiters led to reorganization of vestibulothalamic projections with formation of ipsilateral projections to the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus from the nuclei of the vestibular complex, along with changes in the normal representation of the contralateral projections of the vestibular complex to this thalamic nucleus.
Initially, infected neurons were observed in the reticular formation, lateral vestibular nucleus, red nucleus and motor cortex (group 1).
After retrograde tracing with fast blue (FB), fewer FB-labeled neurons were found in the motor cortex, the red nucleus, and the lateral vestibular nucleus of the hyt/hyt mouse.
The most intense effect of NA application was the enhancement of GABA responses induced in a population of lateral vestibular nucleus neurons, characterized by a background firing rate significantly higher than that of other units.
By postnatal day (P) 5, the vestibular apparatus had extensive projections to all vestibular nuclei and neurons projecting in the lateral vestibulospinal tract could be identified in the lateral vestibular nucleus.
Chicken (Gallus gallus) brains were used to investigate the typology and the immunolabel pattern for the subunits composing the AMPA-type glutamate receptors (GluR) of hindbrain neurons of the dorsal (dND) and ventral nuclei (vND) of the Deiter's vestibular complex (CD), which is the avian correspondent of the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) of mammals.
Less labeling was found in the prepositus hypoglossi, the cerebellar nuclei, the dorsolateral vestibular nucleus, and the lateral vestibular nucleus, pars ventralis.
Labeled cells were scattered in the spinal, and very rarely in the superior nuclei, but none of them in the lateral vestibular nucleus.
Concerning the lumbo-sacral projections of the bovine VNC, the present study showed that only the fibers coming from the lateral vestibular nucleus reached the L6-S1 spinal cord.
It was shown, that preliminary (3 months before) injury of the cerebellar contralateral nucleus interpositus or lateral vestibular nucleus of Deiters leads to reorganization of vestibular-thalamic projections.
Cell numbers were highest in the thoracic spinal cord and the lateral vestibular nucleus.
VGluT3 displayed the highest density in lateral vestibular nucleus and group X, contrasting with the sparse immunostained puncta within vestibular medial and inferior nuclei.
RESULTS: Three types of labeled neurons were observed: (1) neurons only retrogradely microfluorosphere-labeled that were mainly located in the medial vestibular nucleus, lateral vestibular nucleus, superior vestibular nucleus and parvicellular reticular nucleus on the ipsilateral side of the injection; (2) neurons that were both immunolabeled with CGRP and also retrogradedly labeled with microfluorospheres, indicating that they are CGRP cells projecting to the area of vestibular efferent nucleus, these cells were mainly distributed in the superior vestibular nucleus and dorsal vestibular nucleus, and (3) cells only immunolabeled for CGRP that were scattered extensively in the brainstem.
One terminal field was located primarily ipsilateral to the injection site and involved rostrodorsal aspects of the vestibular nuclei, including superior vestibular nucleus and rostral portions of the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN).
Bilateral cell body label emerges in the dorsal medullary nucleus and the lateral vestibular nucleus bilaterally as a result of SON transport during the late larval period, while cell body label in the contralateral TS emerges during climax.
Purkinje cells of zones 2 and 4 projected to the magnocellular and parvicellular parts of the medial vestibular nucleus, while some also innervated the lateral vestibular nucleus or nucleus prepositus hypoglossi.
A small number of Fos-labeled neurons characterized by small soma size were found in the ventral part of lateral vestibular nucleus by P9.
The crossed inhibition was evoked by reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tract fibres, stimulated in the contralateral medullary longitudinal fascicle and the lateral vestibular nucleus, respectively, or by group II muscle afferents in the contralateral quadriceps nerve.
NOS I-positive neurons and fibres were found in all parts of VNCc: medial vestibular nucleus (MVN); lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN); superior vestibular nucleus (SVN); inferior vestibular nucleus (IVN); X, Y, Z groups and Cajal's nucleus.
Inactivation, on the side of muscle recording, of the corticocerebellar region which projects to the lateral vestibular nucleus of Deiters, by local microinjection of the GABA-A agonist muscimol (0.5 microl at 16 microg/microl), decreased the already adapted gain of VSR.
A method based on the retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase after preliminary (three months) lesioning of the contralateral intermediate nucleus of the cerebellum or lateral vestibular nucleus of Deiters in adult cats demonstrated the formation of new ipsilateral thalamic projections from all three central nuclei of the cerebellum and the nuclei of the vestibular complex..
Injections of biotinylated dextran amine into the CPA resulted in numerous labeled fibers with varicosities in the ipsilateral subnucleus reticularis dorsalis, commissural subnucleus of the nucleus tractus solitarii, lateral medulla, medial facial nucleus, A5 area, lateral vestibular nucleus, and internal lateral subnucleus of the parabrachial complex.
Changes of spontaneous unit activity in the lateral vestibular nucleus of the rat following 5-, 10- and 15-day vibration (60 Hz, 2 hrs.
Retrograde tracing revealed that GDNF infusion resulted in a significant increase in the number of FluoroGold (FG)-labeled neurons in propriospinal regions as well as in two supraspinal regions, that is, the medullary and pontine reticular formation, and the lateral vestibular nucleus.
This article is a review of work in three species, squirrel monkey, cat, and rat studying the inputs and outputs from the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN).
High intensity stimulation induced c-Fos expression in area postrema (AP), the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVe) and the caudal part of the NTS.
They were also present in processes of the deep cerebellar nuclei and lateral vestibular nucleus.
Using the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase the formation of new ipsilateral thalamic projections from all three cerebellar nuclei and from the nuclei of vestibular complex was demonstrated 3 months after the lesion of contralateral intermediate cerebellar nucleus or lateral vestibular nucleus of Deiters of adult cats..
However, the study leads to the conclusion that trisynaptic fastigial actions are mediated via vestibulospinal rather than reticulospinal tract fibers [ stimulated within the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) and the medial longitudinal fascicle (MLF), respectively].
First, the effects of stimuli applied within the lateral vestibular nucleus and to reticulospinal tract fibers within or close to the medial longitudinal fascicle in the medulla were tested on midlumbar commissural interneurons that projected to contralateral motor nuclei.
In contrast, the saccular nerve-evoked activation map coincided largely with the dorsal nucleus and the adjacent dorsal part of the lateral vestibular nucleus, corroborating a major auditory and lesser vestibular function of the frog saccule.
We performed intracellular recordings of large Deiters' neurons in the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) to determine their static and dynamic membrane properties, and compare them with those of type A and type B neurons identified in the MVN.
With the aim to study the central mechanisms of compensation/decompensation and to specify the character of involvement of orbitofrontal cortex and hippocampus into these processes the spatiotemporal organization of brain electric activity was analyzed in 8 rats before and after electrolytic brainstem lesion at the level of the lateral vestibular nucleus Deiters (VND).
In the brainstem of normal rats subjected to OVAR, a high density of Fos-immunoreactive (Fos-ir) neurons was found in the vestibular nuclear complex (namely, spinal vestibular nucleus, SpVe; medial vestibular nucleus, Mve; superior vestibular nucleus, SuVe) and subnuclei (namely, group x and group y), whereas a lower density was found in the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVe).
Once the blood pressure had fallen by 30%, bilateral expression of cFLI neurons was observed in the superior, medial, and spinal vestibular nuclei, but not in the lateral vestibular nucleus, of control rats with intact labyrinths.
CONCLUSIONS: The following brain nuclei with substantial neuronal labeling after mild but not moderate SCI may play an important role in locomotor recovery: raphe pallidus and magnus, ventral medullary and pontine reticular formation, lateral vestibular nucleus, red nucleus and locus coeruleus.
Some labeling was also consistently observed in the lateral cerebellar nucleus and the dorsolateral vestibular nucleus. Less labeling was seen in the tangential nucleus, the dorsolateral vestibular nucleus, and the lateral vestibular nucleus, pars ventralis.
Twelve of 27 commissural neurons were located in the medial vestibular nucleus, 5 were in the lateral vestibular nucleus, 10 were in the descending vestibular nucleus, and no commissural neurons were recorded in the superior vestibular nucleus.
No G-related changes in IEG expression were observed in the lateral vestibular nucleus.
We found that utricular afferents in the gerbil projected to all divisions of the vestibular nuclear complex, except the dorsal lateral vestibular nucleus.
In order to investigate the mechanisms responsible for adaptation to altered gravity, we assessed the changes in mRNA expression of glutamate receptors in vestibular ganglion cells, medial vestibular nucleus, spinal vestibular nucleus/lateral vestibular nucleus, cerebellar flocculus, and uvula/nodulus from rats exposed to hypergravity for 2 h to 1 week using real-time quantitative RT-PCR methods.
The tracer neurobiotin was injected into the lateral vestibular nucleus in rat and the efferent fiber connections of the nucleus were studied. In the rhombencephalon, commissural and internuclear connections originated from the lateral vestibular nucleus to all other vestibular nuclei.
At 6 weeks postinfection, PrP(Sc) was detected in the lateral vestibular nucleus and the interposed nucleus of the cerebellum ipsilateral to the site of sciatic nerve inoculation and in the red nucleus contralateral to HY TME inoculation.
The density of spontaneously active neurons was highest in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN), slightly lower in the superior (SuVN) and spinal (SpVN) nuclei, and lowest in the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN).
The majority of both types of neurons were localized in the lateral vestibular nucleus (58.6%), to the lesser extent in the descending vestibular nucleus (30.7%) and very little in the medial vestibular nucleus (10.6%).
A higher GABAergic tone was found in old rats, as indicated by higher benzodiazepine receptor density in lateral vestibular nucleus and higher mRNA level for glutamic acid decarboxylase in cerebral cortex and medial vestibular nucleus.
The lectin Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin was injected into the frog lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) to study its antero- and retrograde projections.
UT-activated vestibulothalamic neurons were recorded in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN; 24/40), the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN; 9/40), the descending vestibular nucleus (DVN; 6/40), and the superior vestibular nucleus (SVN; 1/40).
The terminals of uncrossed afferents were distributed in the entire area of the rostrocaudal extent of the lateral vestibular nucleus (LV).
Clusters of L-citrulline-immunoreactive neurons are present in subregions of the vestibular nuclei, including the caudal portion of the inferior vestibular nucleus, the magnocellular portion of the medial vestibular nucleus, and the large cells in the ventral tier of the lateral vestibular nucleus.
With respect to control rats, the number of labeled cells increased in flight animals in the medial and spinal vestibular nuclei (but not in the lateral vestibular nucleus) at FD2, decreased at FD14, greatly increased at R + 1 and returned to baseline levels at R + 13.
The HC/SAC convergent neurons were located in the rostral part of the descending, the medial and the caudal-ventral part of the lateral vestibular nucleus.
There was chromatolysis in the Purkinje cells, the ventral horn cells of the spinal cord and in the neurons of the lateral vestibular nucleus.
Mapping these results onto adult anuran vestibular organization indicates that the superior vestibular nucleus derives from larval r1/2, the lateral vestibular nucleus from r3/4, and the major portions of the medial and descending vestibular nuclei from r5-8.
The majority of both types of neurons were localized in the lateral vestibular nucleus (58.6%), to a lesser extent in the descending vestibular nucleus (30.7%) and very little in the medial vestibular nucleus (10.6%). In the lateral vestibular nucleus, C neurons prevailed in the caudal part of the nucleus and L neurons prevailed in the rostral part.
The JAFF is surrounded by the CN, flocculus, lateral cerebellar nucleus, lateral vestibular nucleus, and restiform body.
One week prior to sacrifice, a microinjection of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA, 0.5 microliter) was made into the red nucleus, lateral vestibular nucleus, or medullary reticular formation of each animal.
Action potentials of the ventral funiculus evoked by stimulation of the lateral vestibular nucleus or the medial longitudinal fasciculus were recorded at several levels of the cervical cord.
In general, the immunoreactivity was observed both in the cytoplasm and cellular nucleus, although the immunoreactivity was not found in the cellular nucleus in some large neurons such as in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, lateral vestibular nucleus or gigant cellular reticular formation.
Deiter's lateral vestibular nucleus was least changed.
The time course of c-jun expression and the effect of a peripheral nerve (PN) graft on axonal regeneration and c-jun expression in the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) were investigated in this study.
To examine the function of descending brain stem pathways in the control of locomotion, we have characterized the discharge patterns of identified vestibulo- and reticulospinal neurons (VSNs and RSNs, respectively) recorded from the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) and the medullary reticular formation (MRF), during treadmill walking.
Anterior vertical canal signals peaked in the superior vestibular nucleus, posterior vertical canal signals peaked in the descending and in the dorsal part of the lateral vestibular nucleus, whereas horizontal canal signals peaked in the descending and in the ventral part of the lateral vestibular nucleus.
Seven of the 47 vestibulocerebellar neurons were located in the lateral vestibular nucleus and most of these neurons projected to the spinal cord.
No terminal arborizations in the cerebellar nuclei were found to originate from (1) the dorsal fold of the dorsal accessory olive, which resulted in projections to the lateral vestibular nucleus and (2) the dorsal cap of Kooy.
The distribution of retrogradely labeled Purkinje cells revealed that efferent projections from the dorsal surface of the flocculus and the ventral paraflocculus to the superior vestibular nucleus, rostral medial vestibular nucleus, ventral lateral vestibular nucleus, and caudal aspect of the vestibular nuclear complex (caudal medial vestibular nucleus, inferior vestibular nucleus and nucleus prepositus hypoglossi) tended to correspond to previously identified climbing fiber zones [ Ruigrok et al.
Further, we explored the characteristics of projection to pelvic floor muscles from the lateral vestibular nucleus of the brainstem.
Within the brain, abnormalities, including chromatolysis, gliosis and neuronal loss were observed in the red nucleus, lateral vestibular nucleus and, occasionally, in the dentate nucleus.
Electrocoagulation of lateral vestibular nucleus (NVL) reduces inhibitory effect of the motor and somatosensory areas and enhances the inhibitory effect of limbic, vestibular, and orbital cortical areas.
Cytoplasmic immunostaining was observed in motor nuclei of hypoglossal, accessory, vagus, facial, trigeminal, abducent, oculomotor and trochlear nerves, and in the nucleus ambiguus, nucleus retroambigualis, lateral vestibular nucleus, mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, the red nucleus, raphe nuclei and reticular formation.
Occasional labeled terminals were seen in the lateral part of the lateral vestibular nucleus (LV) whereas few labeled terminals were seen in the magnocellular part of the MV (MVmc).
The majority of recorded neurons were mainly located in the lateral vestibular nucleus.
The aversive effects of bilateral transient blockade of the lateral vestibular nucleus caused by tetrodotoxin microinjections were tested using conditioned taste aversion in the first experiment. Male Wistar rats received tetrodotoxin injections (10 ng) after drinking a coffee solution (0.5%), either in the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN), the parabrachial nucleus or the dopaminergic area A8. In a later choice test, only the group receiving the injection in the lateral vestibular nucleus displayed a coffee aversion.
An increase in cytochrome oxidase activity in the deep cerebellar nuclei and in some cerebellar efferent regions, such as the lateral vestibular nucleus, the parvicellular red nucleus, and the ventral tegmental area, was found in staggerer mutant mice. High cytochrome oxidase activity in the lateral vestibular nucleus was also associated with poor performance on the wooden beam.
Animals were killed one, four or eight weeks after injury and surviving neurons (True Blue-labeled) were counted in the red nucleus and lateral vestibular nucleus. The neuron number in the lateral vestibular nucleus was stable for eight weeks after spinal cord injury, while survival in the red nucleus decreased by 25% between four and eight weeks. Re-injury of the spinal cord caused a significant decrease in neuron survival in both the red nucleus and lateral vestibular nucleus, the effects of which were lessened by treatment with ciliary neurotrophic factor or brain-derived neurotrophic factor for the red nucleus and with ciliary neurotrophic factor for the lateral vestibular nucleus, when re-injured at four or eight weeks.
After a postoperative interval of several weeks, the LVST was examined by injecting an anterograde tracer (wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase) into the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) and a retrograde tracer (Fast Blue) into the lumbar enlargement.
A lateral descending noradrenergic bundle (LDB) projects from LC to the superior vestibular nucleus (SVN) and rostral lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN).
Further, we explored the characteristics of projection to pelvic floor muscles from the lateral vestibular nucleus of the brainstem.
Light terminal labeling was observed in the dorsolateral vestibular nucleus, the medial vestibular nucleus, the tangential nucleus, and the lateral vestibular nucleus pars ventralis. A moderate amount of terminal labeling was seen in the cerebellovestibular process adjacent to the lateral cerebellar nucleus, and the dorsolateral vestibular nucleus. A small amount of terminal labeling was found in the lateral cerebellar nucleus, the tangential nucleus, the prepositus hypoglossi, and the lateral vestibular nucleus pars ventralis..
The purpose of the present study was to detail the spinal cord (SC) trajectories and arborization patterns of vestibulospinal axons descending from the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN).
As they exit this tract, several bundles coalesce to form a single, narrow bundle passing caudally through the ventral part of the lateral vestibular nucleus.
The present study extends these observations to the ultrastructural localization of the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters, glutamate and aspartate, using a postembedding immunogold procedure combined with the pre-embedding immunoperoxidase localization of anterogradely transported biocytin from the abducens nucleus and the ventral lateral vestibular nucleus.
Vestibulospinal axon collaterals in C1 and C2 were stained following injections of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) into the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN).
Furthermore, it questions whether the area classically referred to as the rostral pole of the descending vestibular nucleus belongs to the descending vestibular nucleus or to the lateral vestibular nucleus (LV).
Single plasma membranes were microdissected from Deiters' neurons freshly obtained from the lateral vestibular nucleus of the rabbit and their chloride permeability was studied in a microchamber system.
Blockade of the parabrachial area, but neither A8 nor lateral vestibular nucleus, disrupted the acquisition of (CTA).
Acute experiments were performed on rabbits to study the responses of neurons in the anterior, ventromedial, and posterior nuclei of the hypothalamus to single, paired, and rhythmic stimulation of the vestibular nerve and lateral vestibular nucleus of Deiters. This provides evidence that ascending afferent spike activity from the lateral vestibular nucleus of Deiters to the hypothalamus is mediated by mono-, oligo-, and polysynaptic pathways..
Astrocytic projections around VNC neuron somata and proximal dendrites increased in number and became thicker and more elongated, especially at 14 days, in the lateral vestibular nucleus.
Electromyographic responses (EMGs) of limb muscles were studied during microiontophoretic application of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) into the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) or the spinal vestibular nucleus (SpVe) of anaesthetized rats.
Higher CO activity was also found in Lurcher mutants in brain regions directly connected to the cerebellum, such as the lateral vestibular nucleus, the cochlear nucleus, the red nucleus, the ventrolateral thalamus, the dorsal raphe, the interpeduncular nucleus, and the inferior colliculus.
Effects of single, double, and rhythmic stimulation upon hypothalamic neurons responding to the 1st excitatory phase of lateral vestibular nucleus stimulation, were studied. The data obtained show that activation of some hypothalamic neurons following stimulation of the lateral vestibular nucleus has a monosynaptic character. The findings suggest that ascending afferents from the lateral vestibular nucleus to the hypothalamus pass via oligo- as well as polysynaptic pathways..
The purpose of this experiment is to confirm the effects of the descending pathway from the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) on rhythmic discharges induced by stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) in the decerebrated cat.
This investigation was performed by measuring the recovery time of locomotor equilibrium in the rotating beam test and recording the unitary extracellular activity of single neurons of lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) in totally awake cats.
Several studies have shown synaptic changes in the lateral vestibular nucleus and in the nodulus of the cerebellum after neonatal exposure to hypergravity.
The development of the human lateral vestibular nucleus was studied on serial sections of the brain of 8 fetuses and neonates at 12-40 weeks of gestation, an infant at 2 months of age and an adult of 63 years using a microscope with a drawing tube and an image-analysing computer system. A morphometric analysis revealed that the lateral vestibular nucleus, whose neurons were distinguished from glia after 16 weeks of gestation, divided cytoarchitectonically into the medial and the lateral subnuclei at 21 weeks of gestation onwards, and showed the moderate development in terms of the columnar length and volume, neuronal size and neuropil..
To further identify the nature of the cellular elements bearing the punctate staining, possible changes in this labelling pattern were investigated: (i) in deep cerebellar nuclei and lateral vestibular nucleus of the Lurcher mutant mouse, in which all cerebellar Purkinje cells are missing and (ii) in the rat cervical spinal cord, 10 days after multiple resections of dorsal roots. The electron microscopic study was carried out in the hippocampus, cerebellum and lateral vestibular nucleus of control mice, where Rxt1-labelled punctate structures were found to be abundant. Immunostaining was confined to axon terminals, particularly in hippocampal and cerebellar mossy fibres and in Purkinje cell axonal terminations of the cerebellar deep nuclei and lateral vestibular nucleus.
The caudomedial subdivision of the nucleus projected ipsilaterally to the dorsal and medial parts of the superior vestibular nucleus (Su Ve), the dorsomedial part of the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVe), and the dorsal parts of the medial (MVe) and spinal (Sp Ve) vestibular nuclei, and projected contralaterally to the ventrolateral corners of the Su Ve and LVe, the ventral part of the MVe, and the lateral part of the Sp Ve.
At E17 fibers from the lateral vestibular nucleus, the raphe magnus nucleus and the gigantocellular reticular nucleus were present in the lumbosacral spinal cord; their descent along the spinal cord thus occurs before this stage.
Long-term potentiation (LTP) was studied in the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN-Deiters' nucleus) in guinea-pigs in vivo.
Recording sites were marked by means of iontophoretic injection of FCF green dye; they were located in the lateral portion of the descending vestibular nucleus and the caudal and ventral regions of the lateral vestibular nucleus..
The lateral vestibular nucleus as well as the ventral part of the magnocellular red nucleus also displayed positive neurons.
flexor caudae longus [ FCL]) to stimulation of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) and lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) were studied using intracellular recording in the decerebrate cat.
However, not all components of the system are equally developed at birth, and the circuit from the utricle to the lateral vestibular nucleus and from the latter to the cervical cord may be better formed than that from the semicircular canals to the medial and inferior vestibular nuclei to the cervical cord..
The experimental rat model of the local brainstem destruction by isolated electrical coagulation of the lateral vestibular nucleus Deiters was offered for studying the adaptive-compensatory CNS reactions after acute brainstem lesions.
This study compares some characteristics of the disynaptic excitatory pathways from the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) and medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) to lumbosacral alpha-motoneurons in the decerebrate cat.
Glycine change was primarily limited to a bilateral decrease in the dorsal part of the lateral vestibular nucleus.
Labeled terminals were present in the medial vestibular nucleus, especially along the ventricular border, in the neuropil of the superior vestibular nucleus, and scattered in the descending and ventral portions of the lateral vestibular nucleus. Calbindin- and parvalbumin-positive terminals, but not calretinin-positive terminals, were present in the neuropil of the dorsal lateral vestibular nucleus, especially surrounding the large neuronal somas.
When Fluoro-Ruby was injected into the red nucleus and midbrain tegmentum, the medial pontine or medullary reticular formation, the medullary raphe or the lateral vestibular nucleus, axons were labeled in the expected areas of the spinal cord, but in most cases none showed evidence for GAP-43.
No change was seen in the cerebellar nuclei, lateral vestibular nucleus and red nucleus.
Neuronal activity was investigated in the left superior vestibular nucleus (SVN), lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN), and rostral part of the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) in the alert guinea pig after a unilateral (left) labyrinthectomy was performed.
Labeled terminals were most numerous in the lateral vestibular nucleus throughout its rostrocaudal extent. Injections into more caudal segments resulted in sporadic terminal labeling in the magnocellular part of the medial vestibular nucleus, the descending vestibular nucleus, and the caudal part of the lateral vestibular nucleus.
1 h after unilateral labyrinthectomy, increased levels of astroglial S100 immunoreactivity were found in the superior vestibular nucleus and in the medial/lateral vestibular nucleus border region on the side contralateral to the deafferentation.
Besides the well known mossy fibre connections to the cerebellar cortex and collaterals to the cerebellar nuclei, a substantial bilateral projection to the lateral vestibular nucleus was found. Terminal arborizations found within this nucleus appeared to detach from the reticulocerebellar fibres in the cerebellar white matter and enter the lateral vestibular nucleus from dorsally.
We applied supramaximal, repetitive stimulation to the lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters' nucleus, DN) at 200 Hz to evoke stead-state synaptic potentials in ipsilateral triceps surae motoneurons of the cat.
The peculiarities of the effect of vestibular, somatosensory, motor and limbic areas of brain cortex on the activity of neurons of lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) are studied in the nembutal and chloralose anesthetized rabbits by the extracellular lead method before and after vibration exposure.
In this study sizes of anti-GAD immunopositive terminals in the dorsal part of the lateral vestibular nucleus (dLVN) of normal mice and Weaver mutants were quantified morphometrically.
This nucleus and the lateral vestibular nucleus are also rich in opiate receptors.
Lesions of the lateral vestibular nucleus of the medulla oblongata (three cases) and lateral ventricular wall (one case) were examined by reconstruction of 200 serial sections, and the capillary diameter in the tegmentum of the medulla oblongata was measured morphometrically in all cases.
In most of the animals lesioned on postnatal day 20, labeled neurons were not found in the medial part of the pontine reticular nucleus or the dorsal part of the lateral vestibular nucleus ipsilateral to the lesion.
Within 150-micron brain stem coronal section micropunches analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography techniques, the polyamine spermidine was significantly increased in the ipsilateral lateral vestibular nucleus 8 hours following labyrinthectomy in the guinea pig model.
The effective sites were located into the zone B of the cerebellar anterior vermis, from which the direct corticocerebellar projection to the lateral vestibular nucleus originates.
Tracer injections in the rostral dorsal cap and ventrolateral outgrowth produced a sparse bilateral distribution of labeled neurons in the superior vestibular nucleus and an almost exclusively ipsilateral pattern of labeled neurons in caudal pars alpha of the lateral vestibular nucleus. Injections in the caudal dorsal cap, though, labeled neurons bilaterally in the rostral medial vestibular nucleus, predominantly ipsilaterally in pars beta of the lateral vestibular nucleus and almost exclusively ipsilaterally in caudal pars alpha of the lateral vestibular nucleus and the rostral aspect of the inferior vestibular nucleus. Vestibular nucleus injections of the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin indicated (1) that a predominantly ipsilateral projection to the caudal dorsal cap originates bilaterally from the pars beta of the lateral vestibular nucleus and the rostroventral aspect of the rostral medial vestibular nucleus, (2) that the medial half of the caudal medial vestibular nucleus is the source of a predominantly contralateral projection to dorsal cap, (3) that the caudal aspect of nucleus prepositus hypoglossi contributes a predominantly ipsilateral projection to the medial accessory olive and (4) that the rostral aspect of inferior vestibular nucleus and the dorsal and lateral aspects of the caudal medial vestibular nucleus project to nucleus beta of the medial accessory olive. In addition, axons containing anterogradely transported PHA-L were observed bilaterally in the oculomotor and abducens nuclei from injection sites involving pars beta of the lateral vestibular nucleus.
The lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN, nucleus of Deiters) was examined in the brains of four control subjects and four patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT).
In addition, there were labeled cells in the region ventral and caudal to the rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF (riMLF), the area lateral to the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC), and the ventral part of the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) and lateral part of the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN). In contrast, the injection into C5-7 labeled many cells in the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) and very few in FN or IN.
These effects occurred when the sites of injection were located within the zone B of the cerebellar anterior vermis, which projects to the lateral vestibular nucleus.
This vermal region corresponded to the zone B of the cerebellar cortex, which receives a labyrinth input and projects to the ipsilateral lateral vestibular nucleus, where it exerts a prominent inhibitory influence.
This study was performed to obtain detailed information about the identity of B-50 immunopositive axons and terminals in the cerebellum and to test the involvement of this protein during plastic changes as observed in the projections of GABAergic Purkinje cells to the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN).
Moderate to high levels of nerve growth factor were registered in the habenular nuclei, zona incerta, ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, locus coeruleus, ventral cochlear nucleus, trapezoid body, lateral vestibular nucleus, cerebellar nuclei and paraflocculus.
Electrophysiological studies were performed using cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose, to elucidate the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor subtypes involved in the 5-HT-induced inhibition of the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) neurons projecting to or through the abducens nucleus.
The GAD 67k antisense oligonucleotide probe labelled numerous small- to medium-sized central vestibular neurons but not the larger cell bodies in the lateral vestibular nucleus.
Up to 2.7 cm CRL migrating neurons from the vestibular nuclei can be detected, the bigger neuronal elements of which are the early formed lateral vestibular nucleus.
To identify the origin of CaBP-immunopositive (CaBP+) terminals and fibres in the dorsal part of the lateral vestibular nucleus (dLVN), brains of Purkinje cell degeneration mutants (PCD) were immunoreacted for CaBP using the avidin-biotin method (ABC).
Branches from lateral olivocochlear fibers terminated near their somata of origin in the lateral superior olive or in the lateral vestibular nucleus.
This short CaMII promoter mediated the transgene expression in pyramidal cells of the cerebral neocortex, the pyriformcortex and the hippocampal regions CA1 to CA3, in granule cells of the dentate gyrus, in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, and in neurons of the lateral vestibular nucleus of pons and the spinal cord of adult transgenic mice.
Immunohistochemical lesions, detected by the reaction for microtubule-associated protein 2, were visible in the lateral vestibular nucleus and the cerebellar interpositus nucleus even after 5 min of ischemia.
In the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVe), most of the vestibulospinal neurons were generated on E12.
A cytoarchitectonic and morphometric study of the human lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) is presented.
Turnover times in the terminal fields of known GABAergic projection neurons ranged sevenfold, from 2.6 h in the substantia nigra to 0.4 h in the lateral vestibular nucleus.
These changes in posture are mediated, at least in part, by lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) neurons, with response characteristics to stimulation of macular and/or canal receptors that have so far been evaluated at the level of either unidentified vestibulospinal (VS) neurons or vestibulo-collic neurons projecting to the upper cervical cord.
Neurons belonging to the vestibular nuclear complex, including the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN), were mainly affected by the stimulation of wrist-elbow, shoulder and cortical areas.
Although bilateral destruction of the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) completely eliminated penile reflex activity, it also caused significant motor impairment thus clouding conclusions concerning the normal role of the LVN in penile reflex behavior.
A small number of labelled cells were found in the brain stem nuclei on E14.5: they were located in medullary as well as pontine reticular formation, lateral vestibular nucleus and interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus.
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