In adult zebrafish, lepr expression was also observed in several other brain regions including the hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus, the fish homolog of the arcuate nucleus. 
In this sense, we have found GCK immunoreactivity in several areas of trout hypothalamus, of which some of them are related to glucose metabolism, energy homeostasis and food intake, including the lateral hypothalamus, anterior tuberal nucleus, posterior tuberal nucleus and lateral tuberal nucleus.
Calretinin immunoreactive neurons were found in the telencephalon (lateral nucleus of ventral telencephalic area), diencephalon (around the medial forebrain bundle, lateral tuberal nucleus, central pretectal nucleus, posterior periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, medial preglomerular nucleus, diffuse nucleus of the inferior lobe), mesencephalon (nucleus of the medial longitudinal fascicle, ventral nucleus of the semicircular torus), cerebellum (valvula cerebelli, eurydendroid cells) and rhombencephalon (secondary gustatory nucleus, isthmic nucleus, trigeminal motor nucleus, medial auditory nucleus of the medulla, medial and inferior reticular formation, anterior, descending, posterior and tangential octaval nuclei).
The lateral tuberal nucleus (LTN) is a hypothalamic region that has been identified with certainty only in humans and primates.
Conversely, endosulfan provided very great and great (p < 0.01) up-regulating effects of subtype 3 and 1 levels, respectively, in preoptic-hypothalamic areas such as the medial part of the lateral tuberal nucleus, and in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
A moderate density of cells was observed in the perifornical nucleus, infundibular nucleus, tuberomammillary nucleus, and lateral tuberal nucleus.
In situ hybridization studies done following molecular cloning of POMC mRNA demonstrated positive POMC mRNA cell bodies exclusively expressed within the mediobasal hypothalamus, in the anterior, posterior and inferior part of the lateral tuberal nucleus and the medial region of the lateral recess nucleus.
Detailed brain mapping by in situ hybridization shows that AGRP is exclusively expressed in the ventrobasal hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus, the teleostean homolog of the arcuate nucleus. Fasting up-regulates its mRNA levels in the lateral tuberal nucleus.
An elaborated lateral tuberal nucleus, with five subdivisions, and three different nuclei around the lateral recesses were recognized.
Grains generally can be found in abundance in the entorhinal region, the first Ammon's horn sector, the subcortical nuclear complex of the amygdala, and the hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus.
The lateral tuberal nucleus was found to be particularly susceptible to AGD, demonstrating numerous tau-positive grains and neuronal cell bodies. Only sparse argyrophilic changes were noted in consecutive silver-stained sections, comprised mainly of accumulations of spindle-shaped grains within the lateral tuberal nucleus.
Basolateral portions of the human hypothalamus contain an extended nuclear gray, the lateral tuberal nucleus (LTN), which undergoes conspicuous pathological changes in a number of neurodegenerative diseases.
No significant changes in T4, T3, or rT3 levels were observed in fish with lesions in either the anterior or posterior portions of the lateral tuberal nucleus.
The hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus (NTL) can be recognized in man and higher primates, only.
These cell groups are located in the ventromedial thalamic nucleus, the lateral tuberal nucleus, the nucleus of the lateral recess and the nucleus of the posterior recess.
Only a few lightly labeled cells were found in the periphery of the supraoptic nucleus and lateral tuberal nucleus.
Cytoarchitectonics of the lateral tuberal nucleus--a phylogenetically new hypothalamic structure--was investigated using morphometric methods. The most characteristic feature of the human lateral tuberal nucleus is an extremely great variability of its shape and segmentation. The lateral tuberal nucleus consists mostly of several separated neuronal groups; in each brain the arrangement of these groups is different. In macaca the lateral tuberal nucleus is a single elongated neuronal structure much less variable than in man. The lateral tuberal nucleus both of man and macaca is a homogenous neuronal population with a very low coefficient of variability of cross-section neuronal area (30% and 24% respectively). The size of neuronal bodies in the lateral tuberal nucleus is about 42% smaller in macaca than in man.
In accordance with this hypothesis, the hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus, severely affected in Huntington's disease, showed a high density of NMDA and AMPA binding sites in four normal subjects..
Lewy bodies have been found in the hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus (NTL) and the adjoining tuberomammillary nucleus (TM) in Parkinson's disease (PD).
Lateral portions of the tuber cinereum harbor the lateral tuberal nucleus and the tuberomamillary nucleus. The lateral tuberal nucleus exhibits pronounced cell loss in Huntington's chorea and is also severely involved in cases of dementia with argyrophilic grains.
The lateral tuberal nucleus is a circumscribed cell mass in the lateral posterior part of the hypothalamus, containing about 60000 neurons. The lateral tuberal nucleus is affected in a number of human neurodegenerative diseases.
Neurons in the hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus (NTL) were counted in 16 Huntington's disease (HD) patients and 12 controls.
CRF transcripts are primarily found in the sucker pre-optic nucleus (PON), to a much lesser extent in the lateral tuberal nucleus (LTN).
The hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus was investigated in 5 young patients, aged 45 to 64 years, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in 5 age-matched control subjects. Although neurons and neurites in the lateral tuberal nucleus of AD specimens were heavily stained by Alz-50, silver and thioflavine-S stains disclosed few neurofibrillary tangles or neurites. The numbers of neurons in the lateral tuberal nucleus of patients with AD (67,450; SEM = 5,050) were no different from those of control subjects (58,900; SEM = 2,450). We conclude that neurons in the lateral tuberal nucleus show an early stage of AD-related cytoskeletal pathology (Alz-50 positivity), but without plaques or neuronal death..
The hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus (NTL) was studied in the formalin-fixed brains of five patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and in five age- and sex-matched controls.
The lateral zone lies in close proximity to the internal capsule/cerebral peduncle and comprises the following cellular groups: the ventrolateral subarea of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHVL), the anterolateral subarea of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHAL), the lateral tuberal nucleus (TUL), the pre-subthalamic nucleus (PSUT), the retro-subthalamic nucleus (RSUT), the anterodorsal subarea of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHAD), and the lateral hypothalamic nucleus (LHN).
The ventral descending fibers could be followed through the ventral telencephalon to the vicinity of the lateral tuberal nucleus.
Immunocytochemical studies as well as in situ hybridization analyses identify intensely staining cell bodies in the hypothalamus in the area of the lateral tuberal nucleus..
Following a quasi-natural vibrating sphere stimulus, neural responses were recorded in the medullary medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the dorsal (DMN) and anterior (AN) nucleus of the mesencephalic nuclear complex, the diencephalic lateral tuberal nucleus (LTN), and a telencephalic area which may correspond to the medial pallium (Figs.
The basolateral amygdaloid complex and the hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus were the most affected subcortical structures.
The secretory activity of the preoptic nucleus and of the lateral tuberal nucleus was also investigated with regard to the gonadal growth and development during the reproductive sexual cycle and the changing migrational environmental conditions (anadromous and catadromous phases). The hypothalamic-pituitary system is formed by: centers of neurosecretion synthesis (parvo and magnocellular preoptic nucleus and lateral tuberal nucleus), a conduit system (preoptic infundibular-neurohypophyseal tract) and a collecting center (neurohypophysis intermediate lobe). We observed significant quantitative and qualitative changes of the neurons both in the parvo- and magnocellular preoptic nucleus and in the lateral tuberal nucleus during anadromous migration and during spawning and fertilization. The results show that the hypothalamic-pituitary neurosecretory system play an important role in the osmoregulation (magnocellular preoptic nucleus) and on the reproductive cycle (lateral tuberal nucleus).
Neural activity evoked by contra- or ipsilateral posterior lateral line nerve (pLLN) shock is restricted to the tectum mesencephali, the dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) and anterior nucleus (AN) of the mesencephalic nuclear complex, the posterior central thalamic nucleus (PCT), the lateral tuberal nucleus of the hypothalamus, and the deep medial pallium of the telencephalon (Figs.
Numerous melanin-containing nerve cells and accumulations of nerve cells belonging to the lateral tuberal nucleus can be encountered within the boundaries of this nucleus as well.
The cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture of the lateral tuberal nucleus (LTN) were examined in five species of Callithricidae and in 21 species of Prosimiae.
The individual range of their shapes causes a great variation in the shape of the lateral tuberal nucleus.
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