The distribution of on- and off-cells in the mesopontine tegmentum overlapped and included the cholinergic PPTg and lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus identified by NADPH diaphorase staining, as well as the cuneiform nucleus and periaqueductal gray. 
Relative to surgery (n=6) and blood pressure control groups (n=6), chemical disinhibition of the dPAG (n=10) induced a significant increase in FLI in the lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg) but not the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus.
Injections of biotinylated dextran were made into different nuclei of the brainstem (i.e., midbrain reticular nucleus, pontine reticular nucleus, deep layers of superior colliculus, periaqueductal grey matter [ ventrolateral, dorsolateral, and lateral columns], pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus, substantia nigra [ pars reticulata], locus coeruleus, and dorsal raphe) of Sprague-Dawley rats using stereotaxic coordinates.
No hemispheric differences were observed in the lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus.
PKN mRNA was also highly expressed in dopaminergic neurons such as the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta, in serotonergic raphe neurons, and in cholinergic neurons such as nucleus diagonal band, nucleus basalis, and lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus.
Labeled brainstem populations included the torus semicircularis, ventral tegmental area, superior raphe, parvocellular and ventral isthmal nuclei, and the lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus.
Indeed, CY 208-243 increased Fos-like immunoreactivity in choline-acetyltransferase-positive neurons in the basal forebrain and lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus.
Here, we demonstrate that in humans there are abundant galanin-containing fibers in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, the lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus and the oral pontine reticular nucleus.
The cat superior colliculus (SC) receives a dense cholinergic input from three brainstem nuclei, the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, the lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus, and the parabigeminal nucleus (PBG).
Cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) and lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) were labeled using nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase histochemistry, while catecholaminergic neurons of the locus ceruleus (LC) were labeled immunocytochemically using an antibody to tyrosine hydroxylase.
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase innervation in the dorsal pons was not restricted to the locus coeruleus but was also prominent in neighboring areas such as Barrington's nucleus and the lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden..
Large neurons were concentrated in the caudal midbrain (pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei), in the oral pontine reticular nucleus and in the lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus.
The lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) provides ascending cholinergic projections to forebrain structures such as prefrontal cortex, septum, habenula, and thalamus, but relatively little is known of the physiology of LDT neurons.
Pressure injections of the anterograde tracer wheat germ agglutinin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) into the infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PL) regions of the medial frontal cortex of the rat produced anterograde, terminal-like labeling in the lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg) of the dorsal pons and the ventral, ventrolateral, intermediate, medial and commissural subnuclei of the nucleus of the solitary nucleus (NTS) in the dorsomedial medulla.
Other cholinergic neurons that were also retrogradely labeled with HRP were located in the caudal PPN and in the lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus.
In the tegmentum, AChE was localized in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), beginning rostrally at the caudal pole of the substantia nigra and extending caudally to the level of the parabrachial nuclei, and in the lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTN) of the central gray.
Major areas of cell body staining included the medial habenular nucleus, the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, the interpeduncular nucleus, the lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus, the nucleus raphe pallidus, and the nucleus of the solitary tract.
DYN B cell bodies were present in nonpyramidal cells of neo- and allocortices, medium-sized cells of the caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, lateral part of the central nucleus of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, preoptic area, and in sectors of nearly every hypothalamic nucleus and area, medial pretectal area, and nucleus of the optic tract, periaqueductal gray, raphe nuclei, cuneiform nucleus, sagulum, retrorubral nucleus, peripeduncular nucleus, lateral terminal nucleus, pedunculopontine nucleus, mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, parabigeminal nucleus, dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, lateral superior olivary nucleus, superior paraolivary nucleus, medial superior olivary nucleus, ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body, lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus, accessory trigeminal nucleus, solitary nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, paratrigeminal nucleus, area postrema, lateral reticular nucleus, and ventrolateral region of the reticular formation.
Perikarya containing both the black granular retrograde labeling and brown peroxidase-immunoreactivity were found in the nuclei of the solitary tracts, the caudal ventrolateral reticular formation, the lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus and the paraventricular, dorsomedial and lateral hypothalamic nuclei.
Neurons containing both HRP and ChAT, which represented cholinergic neurons projecting directly to the thalamus, were found in the midbrain and pons in the lateral tegmental reticular formation, parabrachial region and lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus.
The following new sources of projections to the laterodorsal thalamic nucleus (LD) were observed: the zona incerta, the lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus (bilaterally), the lateral hypothalamus and the precentral agranular cortex..
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