Quantitative analysis revealed a significant reduction in the number of M1mAChR- and M2mAChR-immunoreactive cells in the medial septum nucleus (MS) and in the horizontal nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB) as compared to the corresponding hemisphere in control animals and with that seen in the contralateral hemisphere, which corresponds to the PBS-injected side. 
Recent investigations in the rat have implicated a noradrenergic innervation to the horizontal nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca as a critical link in a neural circuit that conveys baroreceptor information centrally to inhibit the firing of vasopressin-secreting neurons in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus.
The effects of lesions of the horizontal nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca (HNDB) and the entorhinal cortex (ENTO) upon performance of a spatial location recognition task were assessed.
The nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) had cell loss and atrophy of NGFR immunoreactive neurons, and the horizontal nucleus of diagonal band of Broca (HNDB) showed only atrophy of these neurons.
Short-term (2-5 days postinjection) studies using immunocytochemical colocalization of virus and transmitter markers showed that cholinergic (ACh) neurons in the horizontal nucleus of the diagonal band, serotonergic (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei, and noradrenergic (NE) neurons in the LC became infected with virus.
ChAT-positive cell bodies were mapped and counted in Ch1 (medial septal nucleus), Ch2 (vertical nucleus of the diagonal band), Ch3 (horizontal nucleus of the diagonal band) and Ch4 (nucleus basalis of Meynert).
Included were labeled somata in the lumbar spinal cord and a large variety of nuclei in the medulla, pons, and midbrain, as well as labeled cells in diencephalic and telencephalic nuclei such as the zona incerta, ventral lateral geniculate, hypothalamus, amygdala, nucleus basalis of Meynert, and the horizontal nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca.
Removal of the olfactory bulb on one side had no apparent effect upon the cholinergic neurones in the contralateral horizontal nucleus of the diagonal band.
Removal of the olfactory bulb results in only slight shrinkage of the cells, and no cell loss, in the horizontal nucleus of the diagonal band.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS).
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