Many cells in the Inferior colliculus (IC) respond preferentially to certain modulation frequencies, but how they accomplish this is not yet clear. 
NB-2 was strongly expressed in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), ventral acoustic stria, lateral and medial superior olivary complex (SOC), superior paraolivary nucleus, medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), ventrolateral lemniscus, and central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (CIC).
Paradoxically, salicylate significantly increased the amplitude of the sound-evoked field potential from the auditory cortex (AC) of conscious rats, but not the Inferior colliculus (IC).
The aim of this study was to investigate cortical activation in response to binaural stimulus presentations in an individual (FX) with a circumscribed traumatic hemorrhagic lesion of the right Inferior colliculus. Combined with previous data, these findings reinforce the notion that the Inferior colliculus is an essential auditory relay and that its loss cannot be significantly compensated..
Activation was observed in the bilateral primary and secondary auditory cortices, medial geniculate nuclei, and Inferior colliculus.
Two regions of interest were selected bilaterally for evaluation: the lateral lemniscus and Inferior colliculus.
Nuclear sizes of Fos-stains at the cochlear nucleus (CN) and Inferior colliculus (IC) were estimated under microscope.
The exclusive and transient expression of Tcf7l2 in ventricular and Olig2-defined precursor cells within the cerebellar anlage, and its predominant expression in postmitotic neurons in the midbrain/Inferior colliculus allowed us to ask whether cell type-specific differences are also reflected in splice isoform variability.
Our study demonstrated that high resolution animal positron emission tomography (PET) can non-invasively assess the change in glucose metabolism of the central auditory pathway including the Inferior colliculus and auditory cortex in the rat.Objectives. Ratios of radioactivity at the Inferior colliculus and auditory cortex and a referenced cerebral cortex between bilateral hemispheres were measured. These scans demonstrated several brain structures including the Inferior colliculus (IC) and cortex (B).
Fluoxetine induced strong activation of the dorsal hippocampus and the deactivation of the Inferior colliculus, medulla oblongata, and prelimbic cortex in a dose-dependent manner.
We examined the neuronal representation for envelope shape and periodicity in the cat central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (CNIC) with modulated broadband noise that lacks spectral cues and produces a periodicity pitch percept solely based on timing information.
The mammalian Inferior colliculus (IC) is a major relay nucleus in the auditory pathway.
We used similar stimuli to record responses of multi-unit clusters in the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (IC) of anesthetized guinea pigs (urethane supplemented by fentanyl/fluanisone) to determine the nature of the representation of harmonic stimuli and to what extent there was binaural integration.
A large injection of a retrograde tracer into the Inferior colliculus of guinea pigs labeled two bands of cells in the ipsilateral auditory cortex: a dense band of cells in layer V and a second band of cells in layer VI. Small tracer injections restricted to the dorsal cortex or external cortex of the Inferior colliculus consistently labeled cells in layer VI. Injections restricted to the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus labeled layer VI cells only rarely. Overall, 10% of the cells in temporal cortex that project to the ipsilateral Inferior colliculus were located in layer VI, suggesting that layer VI cells make a significant contribution to the corticocollicular pathway..
Here, using the whole cell configuration of patch-clamp techniques, we report on the modifications of biophysical and pharmacological properties of high threshold voltage-activated Ca(2+) channel currents in Inferior colliculus (IC) neurons of the genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPR-3s).
Electrical or chemical stimulation of the Inferior colliculus (IC) induces fear-like behaviors.
The adaptation of the map alignment is based on activity dependent axon developing in Inferior colliculus (IC).
These results indicate that LSO neurons express the functional 5-HT transporter to internalize 5-HT; this mechanism may serve to regulate extracellular 5-HT levels during maturation of their terminal endings in the Inferior colliculus..
Linear regression and ANOVA showed statistically significant changes in Aqp4 gene expression and ABR and DPOAE hearing status in the cochlea and auditory midbrain -- Inferior colliculus. Down-regulation in the cochlea was seen, and an initial down-, then up-regulation was discovered for the Inferior colliculus Aqp4 expression.
RESULTS: Somatosensory input originates in the dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia, and is transmitted directly and indirectly through 2nd-order nuclei to the ventral cochlear nucleus, dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), and Inferior colliculus.
We measured responses of 91 Inferior colliculus (IC) neurons in the gerbil during two-tone stimulation with frequencies well above the unit's receptive field but adequate to generate a distinct distortion product (f2-1 or 2f1-f2) at the unit's characteristic frequency (CF).
The ascending projections to the lateral lemniscal nuclei and the Inferior colliculus were investigated in the albino rat by using Fluoro-Gold, either alone or in combination with other retrograde tract tracers. Injections were made into the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (ICC), the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL), the intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (INLL), or the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL).
METHODS: Membrane currents mediated by major voltage- and ligand-gated channels were recorded from primary cultured neurons of the Inferior colliculus (IC) in rats with whole-cell patch-clamp techniques in the presence and absence of lidocaine.
We report here for the first time the effect of chronic electrical stimulation of the deafferented auditory nerve on alpha1 subunit of the glycinergic receptor (GlyRalpha1) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)67 expression in the central nucleus of Inferior colliculus (CIC).
Lesions of spiral ganglion cells, representing a restricted sector of the auditory nerve array, produce immediate changes in the frequency tuning of Inferior colliculus (IC) neurons.
The aim of this study was to assess whether early visual deprivation could modulate the auditory directional tunings of single neurons in the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus of the rat. Although the distribution of best azimuthal direction was unaltered in enucleated rats, our data suggest that early visual deprivation modifies the width of auditory directional receptive fields in the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus. This suggests that visual input plays a substantial role in refining auditory receptive fields in the Inferior colliculus..
To examine the mechanisms that underlie long-interval selectivity, we made whole cell recordings, in vivo, from neurons in the anuran Inferior colliculus (anuran IC).
Results are compared to physiological recordings from the Inferior colliculus (IC) and discussed in terms of ITD-discrimination abilities of listeners with cochlear implants.
Frequency response areas (FRAs) of Inferior colliculus (IC) neurons were recorded before and immediately after SG-lesions using multi-site silicon arrays fixed in place with recording sites arrayed along IC frequency gradient.
DMI challenge in chronic DMI-treated neuropathic rats produced significantly greater activation of the deep mesencephalic nucleus, primary somatosensory cortex, insular cortex, medial globus pallidus, Inferior colliculus, perirhinal cortex and cerebellum compared to sham-operated rats and saline controls.
Age-related changes in GAD65 and GAD67 levels were investigated using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting in the Inferior colliculus (IC), the auditory cortex (AC) and the visual cortex in Long-Evans rats.
Our intent was to determine whether temporal acuity was reduced in Kcna1 null-mutant (-/-) mice, compared to wild-type (+/+) and heterozygotic mice (+/-), as measured by the encoding of gaps in the Inferior colliculus by near-field auditory evoked potentials (NFAEP) or behavioral gap detection (BGD) using a prepulse inhibition paradigm.
Here, we used functional MRI (fMRI) to examine activation of the human Inferior colliculus (IC) during strictly controlled auditory attention tasks.
So far several studies suggest that NADPH-d is present in distinct neuronal populations in the Inferior colliculus (IC), a major processing center for both the ascending and descending auditory pathway, and NO may play an important role in audition.
In control owls or prism-adapted owls, which experience small instructive signals, the frequency distributions of pCREB/CREB values obtained for cell nuclei within the external nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (ICX) were unimodal. These changes were restricted to the subregion of the Inferior colliculus that received optically displaced input, the rostral ICX, and were not evident in the caudal ICX or central nucleus.
Uptake of 2-DG was measured in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), the medial superior olive (MSO), and the Inferior colliculus (IC) on both sides of the brain.
A previous neuroimaging study revealed activity in the human Inferior colliculus consistent with the pi-limit.
Our results suggest that a temporally delayed inhibition, whose latency reduced related to excitation with the increasing amplitude, is responsible for the creation of about 71% amplitude-tuned neurons in mouse Inferior colliculus..
There were no ZENK differences between groups in Inferior colliculus or in caudolateral nidopallium, avian analog to prefrontal cortex.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 37 individuals with SNHL and 10 healthy controls, two regions of interest (ROIs) positioned along the auditory pathway-the lateral lemniscus (LL) and the Inferior colliculus (IC)-were investigated bilaterally using diffusion tensor imaging at 3 T. RESULTS: The FA value was reduced and the lambda perpendicular was increased both at the lateral lemniscus and the Inferior colliculus of patients with SNHL compared with controls.
The MPL has afferent neuronal connections distinct from adjacent brain regions including major inputs from the auditory cortex, medial part of the medial geniculate body, superior colliculus, external and dorsal cortices of the Inferior colliculus, periolivary area, lateral preoptic area, hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus, lateral and dorsal hypothalamic areas, subparafascicular and posterior intralaminar thalamic nuclei, periaqueductal gray, and cuneiform nucleus.
MRI revealed a small, circumscribed lesion of the left Inferior colliculus, probably from an acute hemorrhage leading to a small cavernous malformation. Circumscribed lesions of the Inferior colliculus are rare with no prior reports of contralateral tinnitus..
Some neurons in rat Inferior colliculus are excited by stimuli at either ear. This study shows that FFRs in Inferior colliculus can be elicited by presenting pure tone bursts with frequencies from 225 to 4025 Hz at the ipsilateral ear in anesthetized rats. Moreover, chemical block of glutamate transmissions in the contralateral Inferior colliculus markedly reduced the ipsilaterally driven FFRs, which, however, were significantly enhanced by blocking the contralateral dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Thus, FFRs in Inferior colliculus to ipsilateral stimulation were facilitated by excitatory projections from the contralateral Inferior colliculus but suppressed by inhibitory projections from the contralateral dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus..
We used broadband noise stimuli to investigate the interaural-delay sensitivity of low-frequency neurons in two midbrain nuclei: the Inferior colliculus (IC) and the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus.
The spatial organization of projections from the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) to the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) and from the VNLL to the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (CNIC) was investigated by using neuroanatomical tracing methods in the gerbil.
No difference was found in the NR2B expression in the Inferior colliculus (IC) between music-exposed and normal rats, regardless of when the auditory enrichment with music was initiated.
These CB properties have previously been found, on average, in responses of midbrain Inferior colliculus neurons. Here, we use single-neuron recordings from the central nucleus of mouse Inferior colliculus (ICC) to study neurons' excitatory and inhibitory frequency receptive fields together with neural critical bands (NCBs) measured in a narrowband noise-masking paradigm at SPLs up to 85 dB.
We measured delay and correlation functions in the cat Inferior colliculus (IC) and auditory nerve (AN).
The findings suggest that developmental changes in the CN projections to the pons, Inferior colliculus, or medial auditory thalamus may be a neural mechanism underlying the ontogeny of auditory eyeblink conditioning..
Neurons located in the Inferior colliculus (IC) are on the path which processes acoustic information converging from the peripheral auditory system and to be sent through ascending pathways to superior structures.
For comparison, responses in the Inferior colliculus (IC) were also recorded.
In the cochlear nucleus of this knockout, 5-HT-IR cell bodies were observed in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), a primary relay to the Inferior colliculus (IC).
In the Inferior colliculus (IC), an auditory midbrain nucleus, the amplitude and selectivity of frequency response curves are altered by the neuromodulator serotonin, but the changes in excitatory-inhibitory balance that mediate this plasticity are not well understood.
Differences in 2-DG uptake were found between groups in the ipsilateral auditory cortex, basilar pontine nuclei, and Inferior colliculus.
Neurons in the Inferior colliculus (IC), one of the major integrative centers of the auditory system, process acoustic information converging from almost all nuclei of the auditory brain stem.
In this study, we characterize the representation of AMs in the gerbil Inferior colliculus by analyzing neural responses to a series of pulse trains in which duration and interpulse interval are systematically varied to quantify the importance of duration, interpulse interval, duty cycle, and modulation frequency independently.
CONCLUSION: GABA-mediated inhibition is responsible for the duration tuning in the Inferior colliculus (IC) of guinea pigs, a non-echo-locating mammal.
The Inferior colliculus (IC) is a major center for neural integration in the auditory pathway. To understand cellular mechanisms of IC neurons in auditory processing, we investigated physiological characteristics of the rebound depolarization (RD) following membrane hyperpolarization in neurons of the rat's dorsal cortex of the Inferior colliculus (ICD).
The results indicate an activation-dependent accumulation of manganese in the neural circuit composed of the cochlear nucleus, the superior olivary complex, the lateral lemniscus, and the Inferior colliculus.
The midbrain tectum structures, dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) and Inferior colliculus (IC), are involved in the organization of fear and anxiety states during the exposure to dangerous stimuli.
We investigated the effects of MOC stimulation on the responses of neurons in the guinea pig Inferior colliculus to masked tones.
5HT 1A receptor binding and receptor-effector coupling were not different in the ventral hippocampal formation, entorhinal or parietal cortices, or Inferior colliculus.
RESULTS: The number of NADPH-d-positive neurons in the Inferior colliculus was significantly increased in aged rats (p<0.05), whereas the area of NADPH-d-positive neurons in all areas did not differ significantly between aged and younger rats (p>0.05). The staining densities of NADPH-d-positive neurons in the Inferior colliculus, the auditory cortex, and the visual cortex were significantly greater in aged compared with younger rats (p<0.05)..
During the first 2 weeks of postnatal development, numerous GATA3-expressing cells were found in the intergeniculate leaf, ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, pretectal nucleus, nucleus of the posterior commissure, superior colliculus, Inferior colliculus, periaqueductal grey, substantia nigra and raphe nuclei.
Neurons in the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (IC) receive excitatory and inhibitory inputs from both lower and higher auditory nuclei.
Here, the role of the Inferior colliculus of P. In contrast to the auditory cortex experiments, the responses of many units in the Inferior colliculus decreased with increasing echo roughness.
We recorded extracellular activity from 402 single units located in the Inferior colliculus (IC) of barbiturate-anesthetized albino mice.
The Inferior colliculus (IC) together with the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG), the amygdala and the medial hypothalamus make part of the brain aversion system, which has mainly been related to the organization of unconditioned fear.
NL projects directly to the anterior part of the dorsal lateral lemniscal nucleus (LLDa), and this area projects to the core of the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (ICcc) in the midbrain.
DIAGNOSIS: Locked-in syndrome following ventral pontine hemorrhage, complicated by central deafness secondary to extension of the lesion to the Inferior colliculus.
Compared to RRMS, SPMS patients had a significant GM loss in several regions of the fronto-parieto-temporo-occipital lobes, the cerebellum and superior and Inferior colliculus, bilaterally, and deep GM structures. Compared to PPMS, SPMS patients had a significant GM loss in the postcentral gyrus, the cuneus, the middle occipital gyrus, the thalamus, the cerebellum, and the superior and Inferior colliculus.
Sp5C neurons projected to the commissural subnucleus of the solitary tract, A5 cell group region/superior salivatory nucleus, lateral periaqueductal grey matter, Inferior colliculus and parabrachial nuclei.
We studied combination-sensitive interactions in neurons of the Inferior colliculus (IC) of awake mustached bats, using intracellular somatic recording with sharp electrodes.
In the postnatal mouse brain, we detected CCM3/PDCD10 expression in the olfactory bulb, neocortex, striatum, septal nuclei, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei, Inferior colliculus, Purkinje and granule cell layers and deep nuclei of the cerebellum, and in many cells and nuclei in the medulla.
Here, we use spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs) to characterize the effects of stimulus intensity on feature selectivity in the mammalian Inferior colliculus (IC).
Loss of synaptic inhibition in the superior olivary complex (SOC) and the Inferior colliculus (IC) likely affect the ability of aged animals to localize sounds in their natural environment.
Age-related changes in parvalbumin immunoreactivity were investigated in the Inferior colliculus (IC), medial geniculate body (MGB) and auditory cortex (AC) in two rat strains, normally aging Long-Evans (LE) and fast aging Fischer 344 (F344). The results demonstrate that the changes in PV-immunoreactivity are strain-dependent with an increase in the number of PV-immunoreactive (PV-ir) neurons occurring in the Inferior colliculus of old LE rats and a pronounced decline in the number of PV-ir neurons appearing in the auditory cortex of aged F344 animals.
The present study examined the effect of pulse duration on frequency selectivity of neurons in the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (IC) of the big brown bat.
We have investigated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in vulnerable (medial thalamus, Inferior colliculus) and spared (frontal cortex) regions of rats with thiamine deficiency.
This study shows that the recovery cycle of most duration-selective neurons in the bat central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus neurons varies with biologically relevant pulse-echo (P-E) duration and amplitude.
In particular, functional ASICs have not been assessed in the central auditory region, although there is evidence to show their transcription in the Inferior colliculus (IC).
Here, physiological and anatomical data show that best frequency is represented in a discontinuous manner in the Inferior colliculus, the major auditory structure of the midbrain. These data suggest that, in the Inferior colliculus, there is a defined space of tissue devoted to a given frequency, and input within this frequency band may be pooled for higher-level processing..
Response features of Inferior colliculus (IC) neurons to both current injections and tone bursts were studied with in vivo whole cell recordings in awake Mexican free-tailed bats.
This hypothesis was tested by assessing behavioral evidence of tinnitus and spontaneous neural activity in the Inferior colliculus (IC) after unilateral cochlear trauma.
The Inferior colliculus is a major relay nucleus in the ascending auditory pathways that receives multiple glutamatergic inputs. The present study therefore examined co-immunolabeling of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in three divisions of the rat Inferior colliculus. This study shows that VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 differentiate complementary patterns of glutamatergic inputs into the central nucleus, lateral and dorsal cortex of the Inferior colliculus with VGLUT1 endings predominantly on the dendrites and VGLUT2 on both dendrites and somas..
MRI showed delayed myelination in all the patients and the auditory pathway was myelinated up to the Inferior colliculus in four cases and up to the medial geniculate body in four cases.
Hearing impairment was evaluated using auditory (Inferior colliculus) evoked potentials and completed with conventional histological approaches.
In the auditory pathway, the highest expression of nitric oxide synthase is found in the Inferior colliculus (IC), an important center for the convergence of parallel ascending pathways traveling in the brainstem, and descending projections from the auditory cortex.
Here we performed a semi-quantitative proteomic analysis of two prominent brain regions in the male adult rat, the Inferior colliculus and the cerebellum. Of those, 21 spots (containing 26 proteins) were more intense in the Inferior colliculus and 19 spots (containing 25 proteins) in the cerebellum. The Inferior colliculus displayed a higher abundance of proteins involved in vesicular trafficking, such as dynamin-1 and cofilin-1.
Sex differences were observed in the caudal medial preoptic area (MPO), with significantly more FG+ cells observed in males, and in the PAG and Inferior colliculus, where significantly more FG+ cells were observed in females.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to illustrate the different imaging features of middle and inner ear implants, brainstem implants and Inferior colliculus implants. The implants examined were: 22 Vibrant Soundbridge implants, 5 at the long limb of the incus and 17 at the round window, 350 cochlear implants, 95 brainstem implants and 1 implant at the Inferior colliculus. All patients with brainstem or Inferior colliculus implants underwent postoperative CT to exclude complications and the assess correct implantation, but the follow-up of these implants can be performed by plain radiography alone. CBCT is preferable to CT because of the lower radiation dose administered; a single plain-film radiograph is enough to visualise and follow-up cochlear, brainstem and Inferior colliculus implants..
The function of the profuse descending innervation from the auditory cortex is largely unknown; however, recent studies have demonstrated that focal stimulation of auditory cortex effects frequency tuning curves, duration tuning, and other auditory parameters in the Inferior colliculus. Here we demonstrate that, in an anesthetized guinea pig, nonfocal deactivation of the auditory cortex alters the sensitivity of populations of neurons in the Inferior colliculus (IC) to one of the major cues for the localization of sound in space, interaural level differences (ILDs).
the Inferior colliculus (IC), we exposed rats to an acoustic trauma and let them survive for at least 5 weeks to ensure that we produced a permanent threshold shift. We conclude that most of the changes can be explained by the residual-response hypothesis [ Irvine DR, Rajan R, Smith S (2003) Effects of restricted cochlear lesions in adult cats on the frequency organization of the Inferior colliculus.
The auditory midbrain implant (AMI), which is designed for stimulation of the Inferior colliculus (IC), is now in clinical trials.
Abnormalities in GABA levels in the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (CNIC) of the epilepsy-prone hamster (GPG/Vall) were evaluated by using immunohistochemistry, densitometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
A direct influence of local salicylate application on spontaneous activity of central auditory neurons has already been described for the Inferior colliculus (IC) in brain slice preparations.
Axonal projections from the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) distribute contralaterally in a pattern of banded layers in the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (IC).
CONCLUSIONS: This article shows that the Inferior colliculus plays a key role in unilateral subjective tinnitus. The responses of the Inferior colliculus and the auditory cortex to the stimuli were measured. RESULTS: The response to sound in the Inferior colliculus was elevated in tinnitus patients compared with controls without tinnitus..
Projections from the cochlear nuclear complex to the Inferior colliculus in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) were studied using anterograde tracing methods based on axonal transport. Methods were developed to map the results onto comparable sets of sections through the Inferior colliculus so that the patterns of termination in different animals could be compared directly. Projections to the contralateral Inferior colliculus are widespread and most, if not all of them, are topographically organized. Projections from the ipsilateral cochlear nuclei arise in both the dorsal and ventral divisions and are largely restricted to the dorsal (low-frequency) part of the Inferior colliculus. The methods developed to display the results form a framework for comparisons with the distribution of inputs from the other major sources of input to the Inferior colliculus..
The auditory midbrain implant (AMI) is a new hearing prosthesis designed for stimulation of the Inferior colliculus in patients who do not receive sufficient benefit from cochlear or brainstem prostheses. Although the intended target was the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (ICC), the electrode array was implanted into different locations across patients (i.e., ICC, dorsal cortex of Inferior colliculus, lateral lemniscus).
In this experiment, gap-evoked responses in a low-frequency band (0.5-8 kHz) were recorded in the Inferior colliculus (IC) and auditory cortex (AC) of guinea pigs through implanted electrodes, before and after a slopping high-frequency hearing loss, which was induced by over-stimulation using a 12-kHz-tone.
Anatomical plasticity of projections from brainstem auditory structures to the Inferior colliculus (IC) was examined in albino rats to determine the effects of unilateral destruction of the IC during early development.
Scala tympani auditory prosthesis research has been aided by mapping electrodes in the cortex and the Inferior colliculus to assess the CNS responses to peripheral stimulation. More recently silicon stimulation electrodes placed in the auditory nerve, cochlear nucleus and the Inferior colliculus have advanced the exploration of alternative stimulation sites for auditory prostheses.
In mesencephalon, strong immunoreactivity was detected in superior colliculus, Inferior colliculus and paramedian raphe nucleus.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate duration tuning in the Inferior colliculus (IC) of guinea pigs and the role of GABA-mediated inhibition on this tuning. After anesthesia, spikes of neurons in Inferior colliculus were recorded using five-barrel glass-pipettes.
It is highly probable that for dolphin navigation the ascending auditory pathway, including the Inferior colliculus and the medial geniculate body, is of utmost importance.
Auditory evoked potential recordings from the Inferior colliculus were used to estimate pure tone thresholds and surface preparations of the organ of Corti quantified the sensory cell population.
The Inferior colliculus (IC) is the major component of the auditory midbrain and contains three major subdivisions: a central nucleus, a dorsal cortex, and a lateral cortex (LC).
Our earlier study shows that echo duration selectivity of most neurons in the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus of Eptesicus fuscus improves with decreasing pulse duration and pulse-echo gap.
We derive temporal receptive fields from the responses of neurons in the Inferior colliculus to vocalization stimuli with and without additional ambient noise.
LRAs have been examined in the Inferior colliculus and AI and found to be highly organized response patterns that are shaped by binaural interactions.
Previous investigations have shown that a subset of Inferior colliculus neurons, which have been designated type O units, respond selectively to isolated features of the cat's head-related transfer functions (HRTFs: the directional transformation of a free-field sound as it propagates from the head to the eardrum).
We investigated the ITD sensitivity of Inferior colliculus (IC) neurons with sinusoidally AM pulse trains.
In the current study, we show that most neurons in the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus discharge maximally to a best duration and they have better echo frequency selectivity when the duration of both echo and pulse matches the best duration.
There is clear evidence for intermodal corticocortical pathways linking auditory and visual cortex and also novel connections between the Inferior colliculus and the visual thalamus. 396 (2006) 108-112] suggested the presence of a direct reciprocal connection between the Inferior colliculus and the primary visual cortex (V1) in congenitally anophthalmic ZRDCT/An mice. We found the connections normally described in the ZRDCT/An mouse between: (i) the Inferior colliculus and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, (ii) V1 and the superior colliculus, (iii) the lateral posterior nucleus and V1 and between (iv) the Inferior colliculus and the medial geniculate nucleus.
Low-frequency neurons in the Inferior colliculus (IC) show a damped oscillatory response as a function of interaural time differences (ITDs) of broadband noise.
Uptake of 2-DG was measured in the Inferior colliculus (IC), medial geniculate (MG), and auditory cortex (fields AI and AAF) of both sides of the brain in experimental animals and in anesthesia-only sham animals (SH).
To track the origin of SSA, we analyzed responses of neurons in the external nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (ICX; the source of auditory input to the OT) to similar sequences of sound bursts.
In the Inferior colliculus (IC) of these mammals, it is recognized that the excitatory responses to sounds are mediated through AMPA and NMDA receptors while the inhibitory input is mediated through gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine receptors.
Presents the design of a biologically based signal processing system implemented using standard digital Inferior colliculus (IC) technology.
Neurons showing SSA have been reported both in auditory cortex and subcortical regions, such as the Inferior colliculus.
The Inferior colliculus (IC) receives convergent input from neurons encoding all three cues.
RESULTS: The iso-modulation-depth TMTF and iso-amplitude TMTF in Inferior colliculus and auditory cortex of guinea pigs represented respectively bandpass and lowpass characteristic.
In the present study, we examined the effects of SS on 5-HT-mediated GABAergic spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) from neurons of the central nucleus of rat Inferior colliculus with whole-cell patch-clamp technique and brain slice preparation.
A discrete group of ChAT-IR cells is located in the sagulum, and additional cells are scattered in the nucleus of the brachium of the Inferior colliculus.
METHODS: We performed a detailed pathoanatomical investigation of unconventionally thick tissue sections through the auditory brainstem nuclei (that is, nucleus of the Inferior colliculus, nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, superior olive, cochlear nuclei) and auditory brainstem fibre tracts (that is, lateral lemniscus, trapezoid body, dorsal acoustic stria, cochlear portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve) of clinically diagnosed and genetically confirmed SCA2, SCA3 and SCA7 patients.
In the mustached bat's Inferior colliculus (IC), combination-sensitive neurons display time-sensitive facilitatory interactions between inputs tuned to distinct spectral elements in sonar or social vocalizations.
METHOD: The effects of salicylate on voltage-gated sodium channels in freshly dissociated Inferior colliculus neurons of rats were studied, using the whole-cell voltage clamp method.
Electrophysiological method was adopted in recordings from the Inferior colliculus (IC) of midbrain.
The Inferior colliculus (IC) is among the largest nuclei in the central auditory system and is considered to be a major integration center in the auditory pathway. To understand how IC contributes to auditory processing, we investigated the effects of preceding hyperpolarization on membrane excitability and firing behavior of neurons located in the dorsal cortex of the Inferior colliculus (ICD).
Here the responses of neurons recorded in the Inferior colliculus of anesthetized guinea pigs in response to ensembles of sounds differing in their interaural time differences (ITDs) or binaural correlation (BC) were analyzed.
Event-related potentials in the form of mismatch negativity were recorded to investigate auditory scene analysis capabilities in a person with a very circumscribed haemorrhagic lesion at the level of the right Inferior colliculus. The results provide the first objective evidence that processing at the level of the Inferior colliculus plays an important role in human auditory frequency discrimination.
The Inferior colliculus may be a source of sensory input to the cerebellum through its projection to the medial auditory thalamus. The current experiment examined the role of the Inferior colliculus in auditory eyeblink conditioning. Rats were given bilateral or unilateral (contralateral to the conditioned eye) lesions of the Inferior colliculus prior to 10 d of delay eyeblink conditioning with a tone CS. The extent of damage to the contralateral Inferior colliculus correlated with several measures of conditioning. The findings indicate that the contralateral Inferior colliculus provides auditory input to the cerebellum that is necessary for eyeblink conditioning..
A small proportion of CN neurons exhibited complex slowly-modulated discharge patterns similar to those that are commonly observed in the Inferior colliculus (IC).
In order to examine the temporal kinetics of acoustically modulated IEG mRNA expression, we first acoustically isolated females collected from a mating chorus and analyzed the decline in IEG expression in the torus semicircularis (homolog of the Inferior colliculus).
In this paper, a binaural sound source lateralization spiking neural network (NN) will be presented which is inspired by most recent neurophysiological studies on the role of certain nuclei in the superior olivary complex (SOC) and the Inferior colliculus (IC).
It occupies what has traditionally been considered the most medial region of the deep superior colliculus and the most medial region of the Inferior colliculus.
HYPOTHESIS: Chronic implantation and electric stimulation with a human prototype auditory midbrain implant (AMI) array within the Inferior colliculus achieves minimal neuronal damage and does not cause any severe complications. To investigate the safety of the AMI for clinical use, we characterized the histomorphologic effects of chronic implantation and stimulation within its target structure, the Inferior colliculus.
We also revealed that the Inferior colliculus, an important nucleus mediating the auditory prepulse inhibition, projects to VNTB neurons that innervate CRNs.
This study investigated the effects of MOC activation on the responses of single neurons in the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (CNIC) of anaesthetized guinea pigs.
This study systematically compared the precision and stability (i.e., the resolution and the coefficient variation, CV) of SC- and FSL-function as frequencies and amplitudes in the Inferior colliculus of mice. Therefore, SC and FSL may vary, independent from each other and represent different parameters of an acoustic stimulus, but FSL with its precision and stability appears to be a better parameter than SC in evaluation of the response of a neuron to frequency and amplitude in mouse Inferior colliculus..
In this study, we evaluate the spread of activity evoked by cochlear implant channels by monitoring activity at 16 sites along the tonotopic axis of the guinea pig Inferior colliculus (IC).
Neurophysiological data have been obtained from two different structures of the ascending auditory pathway, the Inferior colliculus and the auditory cortex.
CONCLUSION: After a noise-induced transient threshold shift, hypoxia occurred in the central nervous system, especially in the auditory cortex, the hippocampus, and the Inferior colliculus. After noise exposure, pimonidazole signal increased in the auditory cortex, the hippocampus, and the Inferior colliculus.
The present study examines duration-sensitive neurons in the Inferior colliculus (IC) of the least horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus pusillus, from China.
A phenomenological model of the auditory pathway that reproduces amplitude modulation coding from the outer ear to the Inferior colliculus is presented.
We investigated the effects of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) on neural correlates of temporal resolution by recording the responses of Inferior colliculus neurons to a gap detection paradigm.
The present study examined how a weak noise may affect the amplitude sensitivity of neurons in the mouse central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (IC) which receives convergent excitatory and inhibitory inputs from both lower and higher auditory centers.
The Inferior colliculus (IC) is normally thought of as a predominantly auditory structure because of its early position in the ascending auditory pathway just before the auditory thalamus.
The visual system is well developed but exceeded by the robust auditory system; for example, the Inferior colliculus is several times larger than the superior colliculus.
The white matter tracts of the auditory pathways in the fetal brains were myelinated, as shown by the T2 hypointensity signals for the Inferior colliculus, cochlear nuclei, and trapezoid bodies.
Using immunohistochemistry of the c-Fos protein following a white noise stimulus and injections of the anterograde tracer dextran-biotin in the Inferior colliculus, we studied how the occurrence of blindness influences cross-modal compensation in the mutant anophthalmic mouse strain and in C57BL/6 mice enucleated at birth. Tracing studies confirmed the difference between anophthalmic and birth-enucleated mice: whereas the first group showed Inferior colliculus projections entering both the dorsal lateral geniculate and the latero-posterior nuclei, in the second, auditory fibers were found only within the latero-posterior thalamic nucleus.
Multichannel techniques were used to assess the frequency specificity of activation in the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (CIC) produced by electrical stimulation of localized regions within the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN).
Neurons in the Inferior colliculus (IC) of the mustached bat integrate input from multiple frequency bands in a complex fashion.
Here, we report the use of a MEMRI-based statistical parametric mapping method to analyze sound-evoked activity in the mouse auditory midbrain, the Inferior colliculus (IC).
In the Inferior colliculus (IC), an auditory midbrain nucleus, activation of a common serotonin (5-HT) receptor type, the 5-HT 1A receptor, depresses auditory-evoked responses in many neurons.
Responses of neurons in the Inferior colliculus (IC) of the anesthetized chinchilla were measured.
We observed the changes of receptive fields in the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus of the midbrain evoked by focal electrical stimulation of the ventral division of the medial geniculate body of the thalamus.
Double labeling with anti-KCNQ5 antibodies and anti-synaptophysin or anti-syntaxin, which mark synaptic endings, or anti-microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) antibodies, which mark dendrites, were used to analyze the subcellular distribution of KCNQ5 in neurons in the cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complex, nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, and Inferior colliculus.
This investigation explored the potential role of several brain regions (amygdala, raphe, Inferior colliculus, nucleus accumbens, and paraventricular hypothalamus) for these actions of flumazenil.
We have used immunoperoxidase histochemistry to characterise peripherin expression in the mouse hindbrain, including the Inferior colliculus, pons, medulla and cerebellum.
The present study used quantitative real time PCR and in situ hybridization to determine if the decreased activity from deafness would induce changes in two-pore potassium channel subunit expression in the rat Inferior colliculus (IC).
We measure monaural BW in the auditory nerve (AN) and binaural BW in the Inferior colliculus (IC) using spectrally manipulated broadband noise and response metrics that reflect spike timing.
Electrically evoked auditory brain stem response (EABR) thresholds and neural response thresholds in the external (ICX) and central (ICC) nuclei of the Inferior colliculus were estimated in cats after varying durations of neonatally induced deafness: in animals deafened <1.5 yr (short-deafened unstimulated, SDU cats) with a mean spiral ganglion cell (SGC) density of approximately 45% of normal and in animals deafened >2.5 yr (long-deafened, LD cats) with severe cochlear pathology (mean SGC density <7% of normal).
The central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (IC) is a laminated structure that receives multiple converging afferent projections.
Following spectrally and temporally precisely defined unilateral electrical intracochlear stimulation (EIS) that corresponded in strength to physiological acoustic stimuli and lasted for 2 h under anesthesia, we characterized those neuronal cell types in ventral (VCN) and dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), lateral superior olive (LSO) and central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (CIC) of the rat brain that expressed IEGs.
Here we specifically studied corticofugal modulation of best frequency (BF), best amplitude (BA), and best azimuth (BAZ) at the same neuron in the Inferior colliculus of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, using focal electrical stimulation in the auditory cortex.
We have studied P-glycoprotein expression in the Inferior colliculus after a temporary loss of blood-brain barrier integrity following chemically induced astrocyte loss and at the fenestrated vascular endothelium of the area postrema. From 6 to 28 days, P-glycoprotein immunoreactivity returned across the Inferior colliculus, in parallel with astrocytic repopulation of the lesion, and by 28 days resembled that seen in control tissue.
The Inferior colliculus (IC) is an obligatory relay for the ascending and descending auditory pathways. The aim of the present study was to determine whether cells in the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (CNIC) of normal rats respond selectively to complex auditory signals, such as species-specific vocalizations, and compare their responses to those obtained in neonatal bilateral enucleated (P2-P3) adult rats.
We examined the effects of intermodal attention using functional magnetic resonance imaging of the Inferior colliculus and auditory cortex in a demanding intermodal selective attention task using a silent imaging paradigm designed to optimize Inferior colliculus activations. Both the Inferior colliculus and auditory cortex showed strong activations to sound, but attentional modulations were restricted to auditory cortex..
Tuning curves were recorded with patch electrodes from the Inferior colliculus (IC) of awake bats to evaluate the tuning of the inputs to IC neurons, reflected in their synaptic tuning, compared with the tuning of their outputs, expressed in their discharge tuning.
The present study was conducted to investigate whether the number of NO-producing cells and their morphometric characteristics in the Inferior colliculus (IC) and the auditory cortex (AC) are changed with the increasing age of the subjects.
Phase-locked responses have previously been studied in the Inferior colliculus and neocortex of the guinea pig and we now describe the responses in the auditory thalamus. Taken together, these measurements are consistent with the medial division receiving a phase-locked input directly from the brain stem, without an obligatory relay in the Inferior colliculus.
The present study examines how weak noise may affect the auditory sensitivity of neurons in the central nucleus of the mouse Inferior colliculus (IC) which receives convergent excitatory and inhibitory inputs from both lower and higher auditory centers.
The Inferior colliculus central nucleus (ICC) has potential as a new site for an auditory prosthesis [ i.e., auditory midbrain implant (AMI)] for deaf patients who cannot benefit from cochlear implants (CIs).
In comparison with the Inferior colliculus (Suta et al.
The complex anatomical structure of the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (ICC), the principal auditory nucleus in the midbrain, may provide the basis for functional organization of auditory information.
We found that the same group of structures that originally modulate the defensive responses evoked by fear stimuli, including the dorso-medial hypothalamus, the superior and Inferior colliculus and the dorsal periaqueductal gray, were most labeled following diazepam withdrawal.
The neural coding of interaural envelope timing information was measured in recordings from neurons in the Inferior colliculus of the unanesthetized rabbit.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the quality and quantity of glutamate(Glu) on the auditory pathway of Inferior colliculus when exposed to conditioning noise or traumatic sound to find the relationship between the change of neurotransmitters and the protection of hearing, and the mechanism in the phenomena. CONCLUSION:The level of Glu on the auditory pathway of Inferior colliculus was higher when exposed to noise .
The dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) receives afferent inputs from many brain stem nuclei and, in turn, is a major source of inhibitory inputs to the Inferior colliculus (IC).
The superior olivary complex (SOC) and Inferior colliculus (IC) are targets of cortical projections as well as sources of major ascending auditory pathways.
Previous studies have described a class of neurons in the Inferior colliculus (IC) of the big brown bat that respond exclusively to sinusoidally frequency modulated (SFM) signals and fail to respond to pure tones, noise, amplitude-modulated tones, or single FM sweeps.
The combination of ITD and ILD in the subthreshold responses of space-specific neurons in the external nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (ICx) is well described by a multiplication of ITD- and ILD-dependent components. It is unknown, however, how ITD and ILD are combined at the site of ITD and ILD convergence in the lateral shell of the central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (ICcl) and therefore whether ICx is the first site in the auditory pathway where multiplicative tuning to ITD- and ILD-dependent signals occurs.
The Inferior colliculus has the highest rates of blood flow and metabolism in brain, and functional metabolic activity increases markedly in response to acoustic stimulation. However, brain imaging with [ 1- and 6-(14)C]glucose greatly underestimates focal metabolic activation that is readily detected with [ (14)C]deoxyglucose, suggesting that labeled glucose metabolites are quickly dispersed and released from highly activated zones of the Inferior colliculus. To evaluate the role of coupling of astrocytes via gap junctions in dispersal of molecules within the Inferior colliculus, the present study assessed the distribution of connexin (Cx) proteins in the Inferior colliculus and spreading of Lucifer yellow from single microinjected astrocytes in slices of adult rat brain. Thus, astrocytes have the capability to distribute intracellular molecules quickly from activated regions throughout the large, heterogeneous syncytial volume of the Inferior colliculus, and rapid trafficking of labeled metabolites would degrade resolution of focal metabolic activation..
We found that a majority of single units in the Inferior colliculus of acutely deafened, anesthetized cats are sensitive to ITD and that electric ITD tuning is as sharp as found for acoustic stimulation with broadband noise in normal-hearing animals.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of GABA and GABAergic neurons in rat Inferior colliculus following unilateral cochlear damage and explore the function and significance of GABA in reorganization of auditory center after deafferentation. CONCLUSION: The dynamic change of GABA in rat Inferior colliculus reflected the neuronal activity, which implied that GABA may play an important role in reorganization of auditory center after unilateral cochlear damage..
Compound neuronal responses evoked from the sites in the VCN were recorded periodically in the central nucleus of the contralateral Inferior colliculus (ICC).
Because these conclusions derive primarily from anesthetized preparations, we reexamined temporal coding properties of single neurons in the awake gerbil Inferior colliculus (IC) and compared them with primary auditory cortex (AI).
We explored frequency and intensity encoding in the Inferior colliculus (IC) of the C57 mouse model of sensorineural hearing loss.
Binaural interactions within the Inferior colliculus (IC) elicited by electric and acoustic stimuli were investigated in this study.
Transciptome profiles were obtained from the Inferior colliculus (IC), the major site of synaptic plasticity, and the optic tectum (OT), which provides an instructive signal that controls the direction and extent of plasticity.
We made in vivo whole cell patch-clamp recordings from the Inferior colliculus of young-adult, anesthetized C57/Bl6 mice to compare the responses to constant-current injections with the responses to tones of different duration or to sinusoidal amplitude-modulated (SAM) tones. Our results show an important role for both intrinsic membrane properties -- most notably the presence of I(h) and the extent of accommodation -- and synaptic adaptation in shaping the response to tones in the Inferior colliculus..
The Inferior colliculus (IC) is a large auditory nucleus in the midbrain, which is a nearly obligatory relay center for ascending auditory projections.
The ventral division of the medial geniculate nucleus (MGv) receives almost all of its ascending input from the ipsilateral central nucleus of the Inferior colliculus (CNIC).
However, FA was significantly increased (P < .05) in the Inferior colliculus and decreased in the auditory radiation, the superficial temporal gyrus, and the transverse temporal gyrus in the elder subjects than in the younger ones.
CO activity increased in the granular cell layer of dorsal cochlear nucleus, trapezoid body nucleus, intermediate lateral lemniscus, central and external Inferior colliculus, and pyramidal cell layer of primary auditory cortex.
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