Between 2003 and 2010, 31 patients aged between 7 months and 77 years, diagnosed of solid and/or cystic intra and/or periventricular tumors, underwent neuroendoscopic biopsy. Endoscopic management of intraventricular and/or periventricular brain tumors is effective, and allow diagnostic biopsy and simultaneous treatment of the associated hydrocephalus in many cases. 
This hopefully represents the first step towards the definition of a clinical guide in the treatment of complications related to periventricular hemorrhage of the preterm infants..
We also found that the only in marmoset displayed CART neurons in the periventricular preoptic nucleus and in an area seemingly comprising the premammillary nucleus.
Her MRI of brain revealed involvement of bilateral putamen, dentate nuclei and periventricular white matter with restricted diffusion.
In patients with iNPH compared with control subjects, the FA values were significantly decreased in parts of the corpus callosum, periventricular white matter, and juxtacortical white matter in the frontal and parietal lobes.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of periventricular/intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) in very low birth rate neonates.
In addition, scattered inactive demyelinating plaque-like lesions were found in the periventricular areas, brainstem and the cervical spinal cord.
However, there were 2 distinct neuropathologic changes observed: increased astrocyte activation and proliferation and periventricular axonal injury detected with β-amyloid precursor protein immunohistochemistry. We postulate that the increased astrogliosis observed may have a longer-term potential for the exacerbation of brain injury and that the pattern of periventricular axonal injury may be related to a potential for cognitive and mood disorders..
The integrity of the periventricular frontal regions-of-interest was significantly lower in subjects with MPS than without, independent of WMLs and lacunar infarcts.
CT scan of head suggested dysmyelination of the subcortical and periventricular white matter.
Six of these infants developed late-onset cystic periventricular leukomalacia.
ER-β mRNA-positive cells were decreased with age in layer 6 of the cerebral cortex, hippocampal CA1/CA3 regions, dorsal endopiriform nucleus, medial septal nucleus, various subregions of the amygdala (central, lateral, anterior cortical and posterolateral cortical subnuclei), anteroventral periventricular nucleus, substantia nigra pars compacta, raphe magnus nucleus and locus coeruleus.
Mice deficient in both mDia1 and mDia3 develop periventricular dysplastic mass widespread throughout the developing brain, where neuroepithelial cell polarity is impaired with attenuated apical actin belts and loss of apical adherens junctions.
The present study used gonadally intact female rats to evaluate fasting-induced suppression of the Kiss1 system of anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) under normal physiological conditions.
These include intracranial and spine leptomeningeal involvement, cortical and cerebral white matter lesions, corpus callosum involvement, sellar and suprasellar involvement, periventricular involvement, cranial nerve involvement, cavernous sinus involvement, hydrocephalus, dural involvement, ischemic lesions, perivascular involvement, orbit lesions, osseous involvement, nerve root involvement, and spinal cord intramedullary involvement.
Using GnRH-green fluorescent protein transgenic mice and a parahorizontal brain slice preparation, we have undertaken a series of electrophysiological experiments to examine 1) postsynaptic GABA(B) receptors expressed by GnRH neurons, and 2) presynaptic GABA(B) receptors located on the terminals of an important neural input to GnRH neurons originating from the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV).
periventricular leukomalacia was diagnosed by experienced clinicians on the 14- to 31-day scan according to standard criteria. To perform the texture analysis, 4 regions of interest were delineated in stored images: left and right periventricular areas and choroid plexuses. A classification algorithm was developed on the basis of the best combination of texture coefficients to correlate with the clinical diagnosis, and the ability of this algorithm to predict a later diagnosis of periventricular leukomalacia on the first scan was evaluated using a leave-one-out cross-validation. Results- periventricular leukomalacia was diagnosed by the standard procedure in 14 of 44 neonates. The texture classification algorithm performed on the first scan could identify cases with a later diagnosis of periventricular leukomalacia with sensitivity of 100% and accuracy of 97.7%.
Results periventricular echodensities (PVEs) predicted abnormal white matter on MRI, but absence of PVEs did not predict absence of white matter changes.
By taking into account brain sub-regions, we demonstrated that the level of intrathecal IgM synthesis was only correlated with the increased number of lesions in the periventricular regions (p = 0.004).
The adult human subventricular zone, in contrast, contains a hypocellular gap layer separating the ependymal lining from a periventricular ribbon of astrocytes.
Patients with acute ischemic lesions had higher admission systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure levels; greater periventricular leukoaraiosis burden; more microbleeds, and lower admission Glasgow Coma Scale score.
Filaminopathies A caused by mutations in the X-linked FLNA gene are responsible for a wide spectrum of rare diseases including two main phenotypes, the X-linked dominant form of periventricular nodular heterotopia (FLNA-PVNH), and the otopalatodigital syndrome spectrum of disorders.
We also examined within those infants with DEHSI, whether typical signal-intensity characteristics of the posterior periventricular crossroads region were visible.
The aim of this study was to describe a novel MR imaging pattern of damage characterized by the abnormal prominence of DMVs in premature and full-term neonates.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Twenty-one (11 premature and 10 full-term) neonates with MR imaging evidence of linear radially oriented fan-shaped lesions in the periventricular WM and without dural venous thrombosis were enrolled in this retrospective study. Five examinations performed between 9 and 24 months of life showed a reduction in volume and hyperintense signal intensity of the periventricular WM on T2-weighted and FLAIR images.CONCLUSIONS:Subtle linear WM lesions with the same anatomic distribution of DMVs may be evident in premature and full-term neonates without signs of major venous thrombosis, both in the acute and subacute phases.
We examined whether the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) is able to identify very low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants with cystic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) as early as 6months of corrected age.
Deep and subcortical white matter hypertensity (DSWMH) and periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) were detected by brain MRI in 91.5% of the eGFR < 60 ml group.
She had multiple neonatal predictors of poor outcome, including unilateral cerebellar hemispheric infarction, grade 3 intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, fungal sepsis, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary valve stenosis, lack of prenatal care, and poor social situation.
Sixty subjects (30 SMC, 30 controls) underwent 3T MRI, which was rated by two raters blinded to the diagnosis, for periventricular (PVH) and deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMH) using the Fazekas scale.
Conclusions: We found periventricular white matter (fornix, CC, and CR) injury following IVH.
In rodents, two major groups of hypothalamic Kiss1 neurons exist: one present in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and the other located in the anteroventral periventricular area (AVPV/RP3V).
Gadolinium-enhanced T₁ weighted images showed a tumor-like lesion in this area with interrupted rim enhancement, termed open ring sign, and a periventricular lesion along the inferior horn of the right lateral ventricle and a juxtacortical lesion under the right motor cortex.
We describe the case of girl who was born prematurely and diagnosed periventricular leukomalacia, a condition characterized by severe injury to the white matter tracts primarily surrounding the ventricles.
The pattern of GFP expression in the brain of the knockin recapitulates what has been described earlier for Kiss1 in the male and female mouse, with prominent expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) (in both sexes) and the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (in females). inhibited in the ARC and induced in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus).
In adult rodents, PGRN was highly expressed in periventricular tanycytes and in hypothalamic neurons, which are known to contain glucose-sensing machinery.
Purpose: periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is, in humans, often associated with difficult-to-control epilepsy.
While estradiol replacement significantly increased CART-immunoreactivity in the cells/fibers of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of OVX rats, fibers in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), and cells/fibers in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) showed considerable reduction. However, CART-immunoreactive cells/fibers in the periventricular area did not respond to any of the treatments.
To evaluate the effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and memantine on the long-term prognosis in neonatal rats with ischemia-induced periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)..
The efferent projections of the sea bass pineal organ reach the habenula, ventral thalamus, periventricular pretectum, central pretectal area, posterior tubercle and medial and dorsal tegmental areas. the thalamic eminence, habenula, ventral thalamus, dorsal thalamus, periventricular pretectum, posterior commissure, posterior tubercle and medial tegmental area.
Premature infants are at risk for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) theorized to be a result from fluctuations in cerebral blood flow.
Adults with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) have epilepsy and dyslexia, but most have normal intelligence.
To date, 2 cases with monosomy 1p36 associated with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) have been reported.
Neuroimaging studies were classified into 10 mutually exclusive categories (periventricular white matter injury/leukomalacia, cerebral malformation, cerebral vascular accident, deep gray matter injury, superficial gray matter injury, diffuse gray matter injury, intracranial hemorrhage, infection, nonspecific findings, and normal).
The present study aims to assess the relationship between diastolic and systolic WSS in the internal carotid artery and periventricular (PWML), deep white matter lesions, and cerebral infarcts (CI).
Neuroimaging showed left capsular and periventricular infarcts due to near occlusion of the left internal carotid artery.
Comparing sexes, we found increased CART mRNA expression in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of adult females.
The prevalence is higher in preterm children with diffuse periventricular leukomalacia (dPVL).
ObjectiveTo develop models and a graphical tool for predicting survival to discharge without major morbidity for infants with a gestational age (GA) at birth of 22-32 weeks using infant information at birth.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingCanadian Neonatal Network data for 2003-2008 were utilised.PatientsNeonates born between 22 and 32 weeks gestation admitted to neonatal intensive care units in Canada.Main outcome measureSurvival to discharge without major morbidity defined as survival without severe neurological injury (intraventricular haemorrhage grade 3 or 4 or periventricular leukomalacia), severe retinopathy (stage 3 or higher), necrotising enterocolitis (stage 2 or 3) or chronic lung disease.ResultsOf the 17 148 neonates who met the eligibility criteria, 65% survived without major morbidity.
periventricular nodular heterotopias (PNHs) are frequently associated with pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
Rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular haemorrhage, periventricular leucomalacia and retinopathy of prematurity were highest in early gestation, whereas rates of meconium aspiration syndrome and aspiration pneumonitis were highest at late term and post-term gestation.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a focal dilatation of the right lateral ventricle with unilateral periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) with subependymal cyst.
Objectives: periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the predominant form of brain injury in premature infants, and no specific treatment currently exists for this condition. At day P7, apoptosis and hypomyelination in periventricular white matter were evaluated by immunohistochemical assessments. Conclusion: Considering that no specific treatment is available for PVL, maternal ω3 FA supplementation may provide a nutritional strategy to limit periventricular white matter damage caused by infections during pregnancy..
Results: Among the 15 tested factors, eight showed significant association in univariate analysis with lower levels of SP at 4 months' CA, namely administration of prenatal corticosteroids, gestational age, birthweight, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, periventricular leukomalacia, intraventricular haemorrhage >grade 2, and persistent ductus arteriosus. When all factors significant in the univariate tests were included in multiple regressions aimed to assess each factor's independent relation to SP, periventricular leukomalacia was the only significant independent factor.
Less intense RI aggregates were present for a shorter time, from 2 weeks to 3 months, in the septal nuclei, thalamic medial nuclei, periventricular hypothalamus, optic tectum periventricular area, brainstem reticular formation and spinal cord substantia gelatinosa.
In situ hybridization indicated that sdLWS is expressed in the third ventricle periventricular area in the anterior hypothalamus.
No differences were found between twin pairs regarding other perinatal morbidities including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, and periventricular leukomalacia.ConclusionsBirth weight is not associated with ROP, while gestational age is in the twin-paired study, suggesting that gestational age is a better predictor of ROP than birth weight.
Progress in the development of rat models of human periventricular white matter injury (WMI) has been hampered by uncertainty about the developmental window in different rodent strains that coincides with cerebral white matter development in human premature infants. We previously reported that late OL progenitors (preOL) are the major vulnerable cell type in human periventricular WMI.
In contrast, a significant increase in the number of BrdU-positive nuclei was observed in the parenchyma of the periventricular zones after icv administration of the marker, thus showing a greater availability of the tracer when it was administered directly into the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid.
Shunt surgery is frequently chosen to manage periventricular metastasis of pineal region tumours which obscured the floor of the third ventricle.
We wanted to investigate the usefulness of event-related (ER) functional MRI (fMRI) for the assessment of cortical visual impairment in infants with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)..
Primary outcome of survival without intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and/or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) along with secondary outcomes, such as Apgar scores, resuscitation, intubation, broncho-pulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), time to reach full feeds, length of stay (LOS), and mortality during immediate neonatal period were studied.
Regions of interest (ROI) cursors were placed in Vitreous, cerebellar vermis, thalamus, frontal white matter, corona radiata, periventricular region and grey matter. Results: In hydrocephalus and ACM-2, the SIR of vermis and periventricular region were higher than controls whereas in non-progressive ventriculomegaly and miscellaneous CNS anomalies there was no significant difference.
periventricular leukomalacia, specifically characterized as white matter injury, in neonates is strongly associated with the damage of pre-myelinating oligodendrocytes. Clinical data suggest that hypoxia-ischemia during delivery and intrauterine or neonatal infection-inflammation are important factors in the etiology of periventricular leukomalacia including cerebral palsy, a serious case exhibiting neurobehavioral deficits of periventricular leukomalacia. Therefore, among numerous models of periventricular leukomalacia, combination of hypoxia-ischemia-lipopolysaccharide might be one of the most-acceptable rodent models to induce extensive white matter injury and ensuing neurobehavioral deficits for the evaluation of candidate therapeutics..
Despite the young age, a lot of comorbidities were present: severe dyslipidemia, ischemic right cerebellar lesion, degenerative periventricular lesions, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, uterine fibroma, fibrocystic mastitis, polyglobulia of uncertain etiology and Rendu-Osler disease.
Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed atrophy of the medulla oblongata and mild cervical cord atrophy, deep white matter abnormalities, periventricular rim, and signal changes of the medulla oblongata and dentate hilum.
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, primary subarachnoid hemorrhage in term newborns as well as periventricular leukomalacia and intraventricular hemorrhage in premature newborns are the major consequences of perinatal asphyxia.
periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the predominant form of brain injury and the most common cause of cerebral palsy in premature infants. Hypoxia-ischemia caused a drastic decrease in the number of postsynaptic densities associated with the glutamatergic axon-OPC synapses defined by the expression of vesicular glutamate transporters, vGluT1 and vGluT2, on axon terminals that formed contacts with OPCs in the periventricular white matter, resulted in selective shrinkage of the postsynaptic OPCs contacted by vGluT2 labeled synapses, and led to excitotoxicity mediated by GluR2-lacking, Ca(2+) -permeable AMPA receptors.
MRIcro was used to quantify MRI-hyperintensity volume into total hyperintensity, deep white matter hyperintensity (DWMH), and periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) volumes.
The population of kisspeptin neurons residing in the rostral periventricular region of the third ventricle (RP3V), encompassing the anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) and periventricular preoptic nuclei (PVpo), are implicated in the generation of the preovulatory GnRH surge mechanism and puberty onset in female rodents.
This study presents evidence suggesting that electrophysiological responses to language-related auditory stimuli recorded at 46weeks postconceptional age (PCA) are associated with language development, particularly in infants with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL).
Intrauterine inflammation is known to be a risk factor for the development of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and cerebral palsy.
The patient's two MRI studies (at age 19 years and 22 years) demonstrated progressive changes of brain atrophy that were more prominent at the frontal lobes, and hyperintense signals in bilateral parietal-occipital periventricular white matter.
Objective: To determine the correlation between specific fetal heart rate (FHR) abnormalities and the incidence of death, severe (grade 3-4) intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and periventricular echogenicity (PVE) in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW) within the first 4 days after birth.
RESULTS: In three cases of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type IIB and one case of periventricular heterotopia, the lesions could be delineated well on IOUS and the configuration of the lesion corresponded to the appearance on MRI. CONCLUSION: IOUS can be helpful in defining FCD IIB as well as periventricular heterotopia intraoperatively, but this seems to be more difficult in FCD type I..
periventricular corpora amylacea were in the thalamus, caudate nucleus, and midbrain.
Minicolumnar abnormalities as well as certain migratory and proliferative defects, common to autism, may be rooted in the general mechanics of periventricular germinal cell division and maturation. Increased numbers of periventricular germinal cell/radial glia can be mimicked by a variety of different transgenic mouse models and environmental factors.
We report the case of a 29-month-old boy with spasticity and periventricular white matter changes on magnetic resonance imaging in whom a complex rearrangement consisting of a de novo duplication of 14q32.31q32.33 and deletion of 14q32.33 was identified by array-based comparative genomic hybridization.
The white matter and the periventricular matrix were disrupted by areas of necrosis and calcification not associated with any inflammatory infiltration, organisms, inclusions or giant cells.To our knowledge, these two male siblings are the first cases that show pseudo-TORCH syndrome with distinctive intracranial calcification presenting as DWM.
BACKGROUND: Septic episodes in preterm infants recently have been reported to be associated with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL).
Cystic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) (OR:23.9; 95%CI:11.0-51.7), gastrointestinal perforation (OR: 8.5; 95%CI:2.8-25.4), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) grade 3 or 4 (OR:3.1; 95%CI:1.3-7.2) and sepsis (OR:2.6; 95%CI:1.4-4.8) were neonatal factors significantly associated with an increased risk of death or CP.
WML was quantified with a visual scale; Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) was measured bilaterally in frontal periventricular lesioned white matter and frontal and parieto-occipital normal appearing white matter (NAWM).
In rodents, the LH surge pattern is dictated by the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), an estrogen receptor-rich structure that is larger and more cell-dense in females.
Long-term neonatal and infantile adverse outcomes were defined as one of the following: intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, cerebral palsy and infantile death.
These correlations increased when NBRS and maternal education were combined (r= 0.63) and when specific NBRS components (intraventricular haemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, seizures) and maternal education were combined (r= 0.66).
EPSCs were elicited by electrically stimulating glutamatergic afferents along the periventricular aspect.
We compared cognitive function, vascular risk factors, and regional (frontal lobe, parieto-occipital [ PO] lobe, temporal lobe, periventricular [ PV] white matter and deep white matter) WMH volume in 37 patients with mild AD, 23 patients with sd-aMCI, and 24 age-matched and education-matched normal controls.
We underscore that this constellation of features, which may be misdiagnosed as periventricular leukomalacia, illustrates a pattern highly suggestive of a deficiency of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha in female patients and should trigger appropriate diagnostic investigations..
Oxidative stress and excitotoxic injury are commonly associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and periventricular leukomalacia.
Here, we reexamined the relationship between PDGFRα and GFAP expression within the three-dimensional organization of the adult periventricular area. Examination of the adult periventricular area in a mouse line that expresses nuclear-localized enhanced green fluorescent protein under the control of the PDGFRα promoter confirmed that GFAP-expressing NSCs do not express PDGFRα.
Kisspeptin-52 immunoreactivity (Kp-IR) in the hypothalamus displayed similar patterns, with lower numbers of Kp-IR neurons in the arcuate nucleus of postnatally underfed animals, and a trend for increased Kp-positive fibers in the periventricular area of early overfed rats.
Background/Aims: Silent cerebral lacunar infarction (SCI) and periventricular hyperintensities (PVH) have been reported to be markers of ischemic cerebral small-vessel disease and risk factors for future cerebrovascular events in the general population.
The expression of the NPSR in the amygdala, periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, and hippocampus was equal in all male strains, although a trend towards reduced expression within the amygdala was observed in FSL rats compared to SD rats.
Multiple echogenic nodular foci consistent with calcifications were found in seven patients [ brain parenchyma (7), periventricular zone (3) and caudothalamic zone (3)]. Diffuse periventricular echogenicity or cysts were seen in three and callosal dysgenesis in one.
Smooth periventricular hyperintensities, including caps around the ventricular horns, periventricular lining and halos are likely to be of non-vascular origin.
Volume-targeted ventilation resulted in a reduction in: the combined outcome of death or BPD [ typical relative risk, RR, 0.73 (95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.93), numbers needed to treat, NNT, 8 (95% CI 5-33)], the incidence of pneumothorax [ typical RR 0.46 (95% CI 0.25-0.84), NNT 17 (95% CI 10-100)], days of ventilation [ weighted mean difference 0.8 days (log-transformed data, p = 0.05)], hypocarbia (pCO(2) <35 mm Hg/4.7 kPa); [ typical RR 0.56 (95% CI 0.33-0.96), NNT 4 (95% CI 2-25)], and the combined outcome of periventricular leukomalacia or grade 3-4 intraventricular hemorrhage [ typical RR 0.48 (95% CI 0.28-0.84), NNT 11 (95% CI 7-50)]. Conclusions: Compared with PLV, infants ventilated using volume-targeted ventilation had reduced death/BPD, duration of ventilation, pneumothoraces, hypocarbia and periventricular leukomalacia/severe intraventricular hemorrhage.
It is currently believed that perfusion abnormalities contribute to intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in the neonate.
However significant reflux into periventricular and transmedullary veins was demonstrated.
Magnetic resonance imaging usually reveals hippocampal and vermis atrophy, a cavum septum pellucidum, signs of diffuse axonal injury, pituitary gland atrophy, dilated perivascular spaces and periventricular white matter disease.
We implanted isolated and paired fish with capsules containing nothing (controls) or the GR antagonist, RU486, recorded chirp production and locomotion for 7d, and measured the density of newborn cells in the periventricular zone.
In the current report, we illustrate two approaches to quantify periventricular, deep, and total WMH and examine their reliability and criterion validity among 28 elderly patients enrolled in a depression treatment trial.
The mean number of Kiss1-expressing cells in the POA/periventricular (PeV) areas increased from 25 to 30 weeks of age.
WMHs were defined as periventricular hyperintensity (Fazekas grade ≥3) and/or separate deep white matter hyperintense signals (Fazekas grade ≥2).
Secretoneurin immunoreactivity was found in the olfactory bulb, entopeduncular nucleus, preoptic nucleus, lateral part of the lateral tuberal nucleus, posterior periventricular nucleus, nucleus of the posterior recess, the nucleus of the saccus vasculosus, and nucleus isthmi. Secretoneurin-immunoreactive fibers were found in the dorsal part of the dorsal telencephalon, ventral and lateral parts of the ventral telencephalon, periventricular preoptic nucleus, pituitary, and the ventrocaudal aspect of the nucleus of the lateral recess.
Frequent MRI findings (13 - 32 patients) were subcortical, periventricular and cortical involvement and brain atrophy; the corpus callosum, basal ganglia, cerebellum and brainstem were less frequently involved.
Perikarya containing pyridoxal have been observed in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, the periventricular hypothalamic region, and in the supraoptic nucleus.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed high signal intensity areas in the periventricular deep cerebral white matter and subcortical white matter (mainly in the parieto-temporo-occipital lobes), findings typical of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.
Objective: to identify perinatal factors associated with sub-optimal neuromotor outcome in infants without evident CNS lesions (intraventricular haemorrhage/periventricular leukomalacia), with gestational age ≤30 (group I) and of 31-32 weeks (group II). Higher, but within the normal range, TSH values at screening seem to be a strong risk factor for neuromotor outcome in preterm infants without intraventricular haemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia..
Thirty minutes after a 50mg/kg dose of Tf-PO or PO was injected into rats via the tail vein, fluorescent microscopy of brain coronal sections showed a higher accumulation of Tf-PO than PO in the cerebral cortex, the periventricular region of the lateral ventricle and the third ventricle.
Brain Ultrasound (US) revealed clot in left lateral ventricle, slight dilatation of left ventricle, both sided periventricular echodensity, ischemia, slight enlargement of forth ventricle and a bit smaller cerebellum.
Radiolabeled glycine was distributed among periventricular organs in the brain.
Third, we reveal that Reelin increases endogenous progenitor cell dispersal in periventricular structures independently of any chemoattraction but via cell detachment and chemokinetic action, and thereby potentiates spontaneous cell recruitment to demyelination lesions in the corpus callosum.
The severity of periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) and deep white matter hyperintensity (DWMH) on fluid attenuated inversion recovery images was assessed using Fazekas rating scales.
After 2 weeks, the expression of HGF and VEGF in the cerebral tissue was significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the controls, especially in periventricular white matter.
Prenatal treatment with glucocorticoids can compromise brain growth and is associated with periventricular leukomalacia, attentions deficits and poorer cognitive performance.
The N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) has been implicated in preterm brain injury (periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)) and represents a potential therapeutic target.
Our recent studies have extended that tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage colony stimulating factor produced by activated microglia are linked to the pathogenesis of periventricular white matter damage in the hypoxic brain.
Oligodendroglial injury is a pathological hallmark of many human white matter diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL).
periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the predominant pathology in premature infants, characterized by prominent cerebral white matter injury, and commonly caused by hypoxia-ischemia and inflammation.
An endocrinological diagnosis of primary hypogonadism was made and cerebral imaging at 19 weeks showed reduced periventricular white matter with marked pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH)/atrophy, but a well-developed posterior fossa.
Vascular intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) occurs in about 5% of pregnancies and may reduce the incidence of periventricular leukomalacia in preterm newborns.
We explored this by immunohistochemical colocalisation of PER1 protein, the product of the clock gene Per1 on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) cells in three dopaminergic populations: tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA), periventricular hypophyseal dopaminergic (PHDA) and incertohypothalamic dopaminergic (IHDA) cells.
Grading of periventricular WMHs (PVWMHs) and the scores of deep WMHs (DWMHs) was determined based on criteria established by the Rotterdam Scan Study.
Arterial ischemic stroke was detected in 60% and periventricular venous infarction in 40%.
The MRI of the brain revealed diffuse periventricular cerebral and cerebellar contrast-enhanced lesions.
They are clearly identifiable by their unique morphology, having a periventricular cell soma and a long process extending all the way to the opposite pial surface.
NUCB2/nesfatin-1 immunoreactivity was detected in cortical areas including piriform, insular, cingulate and somatomotor cortices, the limbic system including amygdaloid nuclei, hippocampus and septum, the basal ganglia, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the thalamus including paraventricular and parafascicular nuclei, the hypothalamus including supraoptic, periventricular, paraventricular (PVN), arcuate nuclei and ventromedial and lateral hypothalamic areas.
However critical to all of these behaviours is neurotransmission mediated by GABA(A) receptors within a nexus of interconnected forebrain regions that includes the medial preoptic area (mPOA), the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.
MRI revealed enhancement of the right optic nerve and optic chiasm, with multiple periventricular hyperintense foci.
periventricular plaques were found in 8% and multiple sclerosis in 6%.
We investigated the associations of periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PWMHs) and deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMHs) with cognition, activities of daily living (ADLs), and neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia.
Neurocytomas are benign central nervous system tumor composed of small cells with characteristics of neuronal differentiation; they are usually located in the supratentorial periventricular region, in close relation to the septum pellucidum and the foramen of Monro..
periventricular leukomalacia, PVL, is the leading cause of cerebral palsy in prematurely born infants, and therefore more effective interventions are required.
In situ hybridization showed that rln3a was expressed in neurons of the lateral lemniscus of the midbrain and of the griseum centrale (GC) of the hindbrain, while low amounts of rln transcripts were found in neurons of the periventricular nucleus of the posterior tuberculum of the diencephalon and the GC.
Objective:The aim of the study was to identify whether tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (-308) and interleukin (IL)-10 (-1082; -819) genotypes were associated with preterm delivery and cystic periventricular leucomalacia (PVL).Study Design:Venous blood, buccal swabs or cord blood were collected from mother/child pairs with infants born at term (200) or preterm (106) in the presence and absence of neonatal PVL and of premature infants with PVL (7).
In the arcuate nucleus and anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), Fos immunoreactivity was highest at the low T(AMBIENT) of 20 C, with inhibitory (arcuate nucleus) and stimulatory (AVPV) effects of E(2).
Fifty percent CR resulted in significant suppression of anteroventral periventricular Kiss1 mRNA, arcuate nucleus (ARH) Kiss1 and neurokinin B (NKB) mRNA levels and serum luteinising hormone (LH).
Adjustment for age, gender, education, presence of lacunae, severe white matter hyperintensities or severe periventricular hyperintensities did not affect these findings.
Thirteen of the tumors had a single focus and 3 were multifocal: 8 were located in the pineal, 8 were suprasellar, and 3 were in the basal ganglion or other periventricular areas.
Herein, we present the first case of periventricular nodular heterotopia associated with cervical meningocele.
Multivariate analysis revealed a significant effect of group membership and cystic periventricular leukomalacia on PDI.
On a voxel-based statistical map, white matter involvement with high MD was localised to the periventricular regions, and white matter involvement with low FA was localised to the corpus callosum and the subcortical regions.
However, the ways in which kisspeptin neurons located in the arcuate nucleus (ARN) and rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) control GnRH neurons are poorly understood.
periventricular heterotopia (PH) is an etiologically heterogeneous disorder characterized by nodules of neurons ectopically placed along the lateral ventricles.
This atrophy was evident at the voxel level in periventricular regions, consistent with well-established preHD basal ganglia atrophy.
Thus, the present study used in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH) to map the temporal and sexually dimorphic neonatal mRNA expression profiles of ERα, ERβ, and Kiss1 in the anterioventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), medial preoptic area (MPOA), ventromedial nucleus (VMN), and arcuate nucleus (ARC), all regions critical for kisspeptin regulation of gonadotropin secretion.
6-OHDA also blunted PER2 expression in the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, a region in which a daily PER2 pattern has not been previously reported in male rats, and in the oval nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, but not in the central nucleus of the amygdala.
Recent findings concerning a second tyrosine hydroxylase gene (TH2) revealed new populations of DA-synthesizing cells, as evidenced in the periventricular hypothalamic zones of teleost fish.
MRI findings included symmetrical diffuse abnormal signal in centrum semiovale, periventricular and deep white matter, splenium of corpus callosum and cerebellar deep white matter with central area of restricted diffusion.
This condition has generally been considered to be due to hypoxic-ischaemic injury (HII) and is grouped with other forms of white matter disease including periventricular leucomalacia (PVL)..
The authors assessed incident SBIs and changes in periventricular and subcortical WMLs (PVWMLs and SCWMLs) on MRI performed at baseline and 3 and 6 years.
The expression of Kiss1 in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and its product, metastin/kisspeptin, show a circadian pattern with a peak in the evening, which shows a strong phase relationship with the time of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in rodents.
RHIF-associated lesion voxels were located subcortically adjacent to the insula, basal ganglia, and within the periventricular white matter.
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